Michael Beckley, a Professor at Tufts University and author, joins to discuss the striking divide in America between thriving cities and struggling rural areas. He argues that America's decentralized institutions are both its strength and vulnerability, making it challenging to maintain industrial bases. The conversation touches on U.S. foreign policy, the implications of rising geopolitical tensions with China, and strategies to revitalize neglected regions. Beckley emphasizes the importance of finding balance in economic approaches to foster prosperity for all.
America faces a stark economic divide, thriving urban centers contrast sharply with struggling rural areas suffering from deindustrialization and job loss.
Despite domestic challenges, America's decentralized institutions and innovative economy maintain significant global power and geopolitical influence amidst shifting foreign policy dynamics.
Deep dives
The Urban-Rural Divide
The growing economic disparity between urban centers and rural regions is a critical issue facing America. Over the last two decades, urban areas, particularly major cities, have experienced significant job and income growth, while rural communities have faced deindustrialization and decline. This urban-rural divide is exacerbated by a lack of economic diversification in rural regions, often reliant on a single industry or employer, making them vulnerable to economic shocks. As wealth concentrates in urban areas, younger populations migrate towards cities for opportunities, leaving rural towns in depopulation and despair.
America's Economic Strengths Amidst Dysfunction
Despite perceptions of dysfunction and disarray, America's economy retains considerable strength and resilience. The country benefits from its vast resources, decentralized political institutions, and a dynamic economy, which have historically permitted it to adapt and innovate amidst challenges. While many Americans feel dissatisfied with domestic issues, the underlying economic indicators—such as its share of global markets and technological prowess—suggest that the U.S. still holds significant global power. This paradox illustrates that, even with internal struggles, America can maintain its geopolitical influence, as demonstrated by its ongoing importance in international finance and technology supply chains.
Hollow Internationalism and Policy Challenges
The concept of 'hollow internationalism' captures America's tendency to project power abroad without fully committing resources to achieve its stated global goals. This results in inconsistent foreign policy, where the U.S. articulates strong positions but often fails to follow through with decisive actions or necessary investments. The geopolitical climate, marked by threats from adversaries like China and Russia, necessitates a reevaluation of American foreign policy strategies to avoid a cycle of failed deterrence. Adopting a clearer strategy, focusing either on robust engagement or reduced involvement, could enhance U.S. effectiveness on the world stage.
The Need for Structural Change
Addressing the deep-seated socio-economic disparities within the United States requires thoughtful and potentially transformative policy interventions. The system currently privileges urban areas, which thrive under globalization, while rural economies struggle with stagnation and infrastructure deficits. Comprehensive strategies are needed to invest in rural regions, including improved internet accessibility and job training, which could help reverse the trend of depopulation. However, the complexity of the political landscape, with entrenched interests and diverse needs, suggests that finding effective solutions will be a sustained challenge that may demand significant government intervention.
There are two sides of America. One is the country’s world-leading innovation centers, which offer the highest salaries and potential wealth creation anywhere in the world. The other is the bleak deindustrialized hinterlands where former mines and factories once dotted the landscape. Here, middle class jobs have been casualized or wiped out entirely, leaving behind a depressing and well-trodden tale of economic loss.
Joining host Danny Crichton and Riskgaming director of programming Laurence Pevsner is Michael Beckley, a professor at Tufts University and the author of the recent essay, “The Strange Triumph of a Broken America.” He argues that the decentralized institutions that make America strong are also precisely its most vulnerable feature. Creative destruction is extremely useful in fast-moving fields like software, but is anathema to building an industrial base where capital assets are key. How can America balance between the two without losing both?
We talk about the vagaries of America’s domestic and foreign policies, how to balance decentralization with creating pathways toward greater prosperity, whether America is returning to isolationism and finally, what we can do with left behind regions to return them to prominence and success.