The History of Revolutionary Ideas: English Revolution 2: 1688
Feb 16, 2025
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Clare Jackson, a historian specializing in the English revolutions, dives into the intricacies of the so-called ‘Glorious’ Revolution of 1688. She explores whether it truly deserved that title and debates its classification as a revolution versus an invasion. Topics include the rise of parliamentary power, the tumultuous political climate post-Charles II, and the implications of the 1688 revolution on modern governance. Additionally, Jackson discusses the union of England and Scotland and critically reassesses the historical narratives shaped around this pivotal moment.
The 1688 Glorious Revolution is debated as a true revolution versus an invasion, highlighting tensions in defining historical progress.
The conflict over the royal succession during the exclusion crisis illustrates the evolving power struggle between Parliament and the monarchy.
The establishment of the Bill of Rights in 1689 was crucial for limiting royal power and enhancing parliamentary authority in England.
Deep dives
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Historical Context of the Glorious Revolution
The discussion revolves around the English Revolution of 1688, often labeled as the Glorious Revolution, which raises questions about its nature and impact. It is characterized as less revolutionary than earlier events like the Civil War, as the monarchy's restoration led to tensions around parliamentary power and succession. The exclusion crisis, marked by debates on whether or not Parliament should control royal succession, highlights the evolving political landscape. This period illustrates the intertwining of politics and dynastic outcomes, setting the stage for future conflicts in English history.
Challenges of Parliamentary Power Post-Restoration
During the restoration of Charles II, parliamentary power faced challenges despite the return of the monarchy. The Crown's reluctance to adhere strictly to parliamentary obligations and the preference for personal rule demonstrated the tension between royal authority and legislative power. The exclusion crisis spotlighted conflicting factions like the Tories and the Whigs, which emerged as they debated the implications of a Catholic successor. This tension reflects the precarious nature of governance, where the restoration did not fully restore confidence in parliamentary structures.
James II and the Quest for Toleration
The ascension of James II marked a shift towards attempts at religious toleration, conflicting with the established Protestant order. Despite initial enthusiasm for James, his push for Catholic rights and proposals for religious freedom created significant unease among Protestants. His attempts to govern without Parliamentary approval raised alarms, leading to increasing opposition from both Whigs and Tories. This ultimately culminated in a dissenting response to his rule, indicating that the issue of religious toleration remained fraught and contentious in England.
The Transformation of Political Governance
The establishment of the Bill of Rights in 1689 represented a significant shift in the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament. This act formalized the principles of parliamentary supremacy and the limits of royal power, indicating a move towards a more inclusive political structure. The creation of a national debt and the establishment of the Bank of England laid the groundwork for a new economic reality wherein parliamentary control became tied to financial authority. This transformation marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of governance in England, signifying a transition towards more modern political dynamics.
In the second of our episodes with historian Clare Jackson on the English revolutions of the 17th century we discuss the one that usually gets called ‘Glorious’: the revolution of 1688. Was it a revolution or was it an invasion? What rights did parliament win and what powers did it acquire? Was this the beginning of the modern military state? And does the Glorious Revolution deserve its name?
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Next up in The History of Revolutionary Ideas: The Industrial Revolution
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