Past Present Future

Bruno Maçães, a former Portuguese government minister and author, and Sarah Wynne-Williams, a former senior tech insider, delve into the complex dynamics of power in a world torn between state influence and corporate giants. They discuss the escalating rivalry between the U.S. and China, the pivotal role of AI in shaping the future, and how tech companies navigate political landscapes. Both guests ponder whether autonomy in AI weapons poses existential risks and what true victory might look like as global powers vie for dominance.

David Klemperer, a political historian and electoral systems expert, joins the discussion tackling big questions about democracy. He and the hosts ponder whether democracy is genuinely broken or if it has ever existed authentically. The conversation dives into the impact of conspiracism and misinformation, as well as the role of an informed citizenry. They also debate controversial ideas like banning older voters and the necessity of compulsory voting, alongside strategies to curb money in politics and adapt to social media's influence.

Historian Ayse Zarakol, an expert on international politics and authoritarianism, delves into the rise of strongman politics and its implications for democracy. She discusses how figures like Trump and Erdogan personalize power, eroding impersonal institutions. Ayse also explores the structural similarities among these leaders, the consequences of complacency, and the need for active civic engagement. She warns that the past may repeat itself if democracy fails to innovate and emphasizes the importance of ordinary citizens in reclaiming power.

David sits down with Sam Freedman, a political writer and commentator, to tackle the impact of social media on democracy. They explore if we're more vulnerable to disinformation today and discuss how TikTok's attention-driven nature shifts political engagement. The conversation highlights the media's evolution towards entertainment, the challenges of maintaining journalistic integrity, and the need for enhanced media literacy in schools. Sam also reflects on how youth movements leverage social media for political change, raising questions about the future of democratic processes.

Political scientist Rob Ford joins to discuss the intriguing possibility of Nigel Farage becoming the UK Prime Minister. They explore how Farage’s outsider status compares to historical figures like Enoch Powell and Ramsay Macdonald. Rob elucidates the electoral strategies that could facilitate Farage's rise, while also considering potential scandals that could thwart him. The conversation includes insights on how economic crises and public perception could shape political outcomes, especially regarding youth engagement and immigration tactics.

In this engaging discussion, political theorist Alan Finlayson sheds light on the shortcomings of contemporary political rhetoric. He argues that modern speech often feels sterile and disconnected from genuine democratic engagement. Exploring the link between rhetoric and democratic practice, Alan emphasizes the importance of adapting speech for diverse audiences. He also highlights the need for all citizens to aspire to better political communication, suggesting that teaching people the art of rhetoric can enhance collective participation and invigorate democracy.

David Klemperer, a political historian at the Constitution Society, shares insights on compulsory voting. He explores its historical origins from ancient Athens to modern democracies like Belgium and Australia. Klemperer discusses the impact of mandatory voting on political participation, arguing it could change party incentives and improve voter responsiveness. He reflects on whether compulsory voting could have influenced major events like Brexit and the UK elections, and suggests that it might be part of a broader reform package to rejuvenate democracy.

Alan Renwick, a Professor at UCL's Constitution Unit and an expert on referendums, dives into the complexities of direct democracy. He explores when referendums can effectively engage citizens and correct over-mediation. The discussion addresses the dangers of manipulation, particularly evident in the Brexit referendum. Renwick advocates for citizens' assemblies to handle sensitive issues and stresses the importance of reforms to ensure impartial information. Throughout, he also examines international examples and the risks posed to minority rights in referendum contexts.

Robert Saunders, a historian and expert on British politics, delves into the evolution of the Labour Party from Kinnock to Starmer. He explores whether Jeremy Corbyn's rise was a comeback of the 'Loony Left' and assesses the differences between Momentum and Militant. The discussion touches on how Cold War fears shaped leftist politics and the impact of grassroots activism on party democracy. Saunders also warns of the risks splinter parties pose to Labour and reflects on how the lessons from 1980s Liverpool could resonate with modern American politics.

Robert Saunders, a historian specializing in Labour Party history, dives deep into Neil Kinnock's pivotal 1985 speech against Militant. He reveals Militant's origins and how Trotskyist groups used Labour to build networks. Saunders discusses the fallout from Kinnock's confrontational style, the impact of the miners' strike, and how this speech aimed to keep Labour electable. He also reflects on Militant's influence and its role in shaping the party's future, emphasizing the delicate balance between revolutionary zeal and parliamentary democracy.