Election 2024: What Will Our Economy Look Like Under Trump or Harris?
Oct 17, 2024
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Peter Coy, an economics writer for The New York Times, Kathryn Anne Edwards, a labor economist and consultant, and Casey Mulligan, a University of Chicago professor, delve into how the economy shapes presidential choices in 2024. They discuss Trump's proposed tax cuts and deregulations versus Harris's plans for affordable housing and increased corporate taxes. The conversation highlights the unusual low unemployment amid wage stagnation, inflation concerns, and the impact of tariffs on trade. They also examine regulations affecting low-income households and the critical role of immigrant labor.
Despite strong economic indicators, public perception remains negative due to a disconnect between data and personal experience.
Real wage growth is crucial for economic stability, yet it has primarily benefited higher earners, leaving lower-income workers struggling.
Tariffs are debated as a political tool with potential drawbacks, suggesting that protecting industries may not align with consumer welfare.
Deep dives
The State of the Economy Heading into the Election
The economy is characterized as surprisingly strong despite some prevailing pessimism. Recent data indicates that inflation is down and the unemployment rate is exceptionally low, at around 4.1%. Even amid high-interest rates aimed at curbing inflation, consumption and investment have not significantly declined, showcasing an unexpected resilience in the economy. There is, however, a disconnect between economic indicators and public perception, as many Americans feel that the economy is not performing well.
Wage Growth Disparities
Real wage growth has become a pressing issue, with discussions on how effectively wages are keeping pace with inflation. While nominal wages are rising, many workers feel that their purchasing power has not improved significantly compared to previous years. Economists highlight that wage growth has disproportionately benefitted higher earners, while those at the lower end of the wage scale continue to struggle. A critical goal moving forward is for wages to outpace inflation consistently, which is essential for long-term recovery and economic stability.
The Impact of Inflation on Consumer Behavior
Inflation has influenced consumer sentiment and spending habits, leading to a phenomenon described as 'sticker shock' for everyday goods. Even though inflation appears to be under control now, the lingering effects of previous high inflation rates continue to affect how Americans view their expenses and purchasing power. Economists express the need to consider various inflationary factors, such as supply chain disruptions, when evaluating the current economic landscape. This ongoing inflation experience contributes to a general sense of dissatisfaction despite objective economic recovery.
Differences in Labor Market Dynamics
The labor market is exhibiting unique dynamics, with low unemployment rates coexisting with a significant decline in hiring rates over the past two years. This disconnect suggests that while job security remains relatively stable, opportunities for new hires are limited, leading to an unusual situation in which many people struggle to find jobs despite the availability of work. The situation has created challenges especially for new entrants to the job market who find it difficult to secure employment. There is hope that sustained wage growth, particularly for lower-income workers, could mitigate some of these issues in the long run.
Tariffs and Their Economic Implications
Tariffs are examined as a complex economic issue, often seen as a political tool rather than an effective economic policy. Economists generally oppose tariffs due to their potential to raise consumer prices and incite retaliatory measures from other countries. The ongoing debate includes how tariffs can protect American industries and incentivize domestic manufacturing, though critics argue that the benefits may not outweigh the costs. Essentially, while some tariffs may serve tactical purposes, their broader implications on the economy can lead to increased prices and decreased consumer welfare.
The economy is the top issue influencing voters’ choice for president in this election, according to a recent Gallup poll. But “the economy” can mean many things to voters. In his campaign, Donald Trump has promised to lower taxes, remove regulations and raise tariffs while Kamala Harris wants to make housing more affordable, increase the corporate tax rate, and regulate grocery prices. We’ll talk about how Americans are experiencing our economy and analyze the candidates’ economic policy proposals.
Guests:
Peter Coy, economics writer, opinion, The New York Times
Kathryn Anne Edwards, a labor economist, independent policy consultant, and contributor, Bloomberg Opinion
Casey Mulligan, economics professor, University of Chicago