Daron Acemoglu, a renowned professor known for his groundbreaking research on institutions, now pivots to explore culture's economic impact. He discusses how culture drives liberty and prosperity, emphasizing its nuanced role beyond simplistic views. The conversation dives into the influence of beliefs and cultural dynamics on behaviors, as well as the contrast between Confucianism and the Hindu caste system. Acemoglu also examines the relationship between cultural changes and political legitimacy while analyzing challenges faced by societies in adapting to modernization.