Theological Divergence: Islam and Judaism's Distinct Paths

This chapter examines the distinct theological and historical developments of Judaism and Islam, highlighting how Enlightenment influences shaped each faith differently. It discusses the critical role of institutions in evolving religious practices and reflects on the implications of state-building and religious authority throughout history. By analyzing the cultural and religious dynamics during the Ottoman Empire's modernization, the chapter underscores the tension between tradition and modernity, as well as the potential for cultural transformation.