George Bonanno, an expert in trauma and resilience, discusses the misconceptions about trauma and the invention of the PTSD diagnosis. He defines resilience and its correlation to individual differences. George explores the flexibility mindset and sequence for navigating personal traumatic events and global tragedies like 9/11 or the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Quick takeaways
Resilience is a complex concept with small factors contributing to overall resilience outcomes.
Flexibility, including coping mechanisms and goal-directed self-talk, is crucial for resilience-building.
Trauma does not always lead to PTSD, and resilience is more common than previously thought.
Deep dives
The Resilience Paradox
The resilience paradox refers to the phenomenon that while researchers can identify factors that correlate with resilience, they are not able to accurately predict resilience based on these factors. Although there are numerous traits and behaviors that seem to correlate with resilience, individually they have small effects on predicting resilience outcomes. Resilience is like a pie, with each trait or factor being a small slice that moves the needle only slightly towards resilience. This paradox highlights the complexity of resilience and the limitations of our ability to predict it.
The Importance of Flexibility
Flexibility plays a crucial role in resilience and can be learned and developed over time. Through the process of development, individuals learn to be flexible by reading and understanding different situations, using coping mechanisms and emotion regulation strategies, and assessing the effectiveness of their actions. By being able to adapt and adjust to the challenges they face, individuals can maintain healthy functioning and quickly recover from potential traumatic events. The use of goal-directed self-talk, such as positive affirmations and optimistic beliefs, can help reinforce the flexibility mindset and support resilience.
Reframing the Concept of Trauma and Post-Traumatic Growth
The concept of trauma and post-traumatic growth has been widely discussed in the literature. However, the notion that trauma always leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or that growth only occurs as a result of trauma is oversimplified. Research has shown that the majority of individuals display resilient outcomes after potentially traumatic events, with two-thirds exhibiting healthy functioning and positive experiences. The understanding of resilience challenges the conventional wisdom about trauma and PTSD as the norm. While growth can occur following adversity, measuring and defining it accurately remains a challenge, and more research is needed to fully understand its nature and prevalence.
The Flexibility Mindset: Key to Resilience
The podcast discusses the importance of the flexibility mindset in building resilience. The flexibility mindset is comprised of three key elements: optimism, challenge orientation, and confidence in coping. These elements work together synergistically to help individuals navigate difficult situations and view them as challenges rather than threats. The mindset enables people to embrace and work through the stressor event by developing a sequence of flexibility. The flexibility sequence involves working out the problem, identifying coping strategies, and evaluating their effectiveness. The mindset and flexibility sequence can be cultivated and improved, making it a valuable tool in building resilience.
The Resilience Blind Spot: Understanding Trauma and Overcoming It
The podcast explores the concept of the resilience blind spot, which refers to the tendency to perceive potential trauma as long-lasting and overwhelming. The blind spot hinders individuals from recognizing their resilience and the potential for recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic is cited as an example, where initial predictions of a mental health crisis were not fully realized. The podcast emphasizes the importance of recognizing that stress and distress are normal reactions, but they do not necessarily lead to long-term trauma or inability to cope. By embracing a flexibility mindset, individuals can work through the stressor, break it down into manageable pieces, and develop strategies to address specific challenges. The resilience blind spot can be overcome through understanding the temporary nature of distress and utilizing the tools and strategies outlined in the podcast.
In this episode, I talk to George Bonanno about trauma and resiliency. We start off by discussing what people get wrong about trauma and how this led to the invention of the PTSD diagnosis. George defines what resilience is, how it’s different from growth, and its paradoxical correlation to individual differences. Finally, he elaborates on how the flexibility mindset and sequence help us get through personal traumatic events or global tragedies like 9/11 or the COVID-19 pandemic.