Chris Kirchhoff, a founding member of the Defense Innovation Unit and former Obama NSC staffer, discusses his new book, Unit X. He dives into DIU’s fight against Pentagon bureaucracy, illustrating how they used ‘waiver authority’ to innovate. Kirchhoff critiques the defense industry’s slow adaptation to tech changes and advocates for increased funding to non-traditional companies. He also reflects on lessons from commercial spaceflight for AI governance and the need for a cultural shift in military strategy amid rising tech challenges.
The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) emerged to bridge the gap between military needs and evolving commercial technologies, aiming to integrate them effectively.
Waiver authority became a pivotal tool for the DIU, enabling agile decision-making and bypassing bureaucratic obstacles to foster innovation.
The podcast emphasizes the necessity for the Department of Defense to balance traditional military capabilities with emerging technologies to remain operationally effective.
Deep dives
Strategic Aims in War-making
The podcast delves into the dilemma faced by the Allies during World War II after the US entered the conflict, specifically focusing on achieving strategic aims despite lacking necessary instruments and organizations at that time. The emphasis is placed on the significance of creating adaptable war-making systems that incorporate robust feedback loops, allow for mistake learning, and foster a culture that encourages experimentation among personnel. This innovative approach was deemed essential for overcoming operational challenges and optimizing resource allocation. The importance of having an environment where mid-level personnel can freely share ideas and challenge traditional boundaries is highlighted as a pivotal factor for success.
Insights from the Defense Innovation Unit
Chris Kirchhoff discusses the evolution and vision behind the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), which emerged due to a recognizable gap between military and commercial technological advancements. With a keen eye on the burgeoning commercial tech landscape of the 2010s, including the rise of smartphones and cloud computing, the DIU aimed to integrate cutting-edge technology into military applications. Kirchhoff notes that leadership plays a critical role, citing Ash Carter's commitment to the DIU and his active involvement in ensuring its success amidst bureaucratic challenges. The creation of foundational structures within the DIU, combined with an emphasis on breaking down barriers to encourage innovation, defined its operational ethos.
The Importance of Waiver Authority
The podcast highlights the necessity of waiver authority in allowing the DIU to navigate complex bureaucratic obstacles and fulfill its mission effectively. Kirchhoff explains that this authority enables the unit to bypass certain internal procedures or policies that may hinder progress, thus allowing for agile decision-making. This approach was crucial for adapting to the fast-changing technological landscape and ensuring that the DIU could execute its objectives without excessive delays. The introduction and successful implementation of waiver authority became a key tool in empowering innovation and responsiveness within the defense structure.
The Shift Towards Commercial Technology
The discussion underscores the significant transition from a defense ecosystem that previously dominated technological innovation to one reliant on the swift advancements seen within the commercial sector. Kirchhoff shares insights on the growing disparities in size and capacity between defense budgets and the vast consumer technology market, now valued at trillions. This shift signals the need for the military to adopt a fast-follower strategy to engage with innovation from the civilian side effectively. The importance of maintaining a symbiotic relationship with commercial entities is emphasized as a pathway for enhancing military capabilities and operational readiness.
Balancing Traditional and New Military Innovations
The podcast stresses the critical blend of traditional military capabilities alongside emerging technologies in contemporary warfare. Kirchhoff reflects on the ongoing conflict in Ukraine as a case study, where both old and new methods are being utilized to enhance combat effectiveness. The necessity for the Department of Defense to be adaptable and responsive to these changes is articulated, presenting a call for a synthesis of innovative techniques within established frameworks. This evolving landscape poses challenges but also opportunities for advancing military strategies through the integration of contemporary technological advancements.
Chris Kirchhoff was a founding member of the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) and previously worked in the Obama NSC. He recently published a book called Unit X: How the Pentagon and Silicon Valley Are Transforming the Future of War. He wrote:
“To the extent present military and civilian leadership is articulating its strategy, it is one built, for the most part, on a continuation of previous programmatic and budgetary trendlines. If there is a strategy for losing a future war in China, this is it.”
Unit X traces the evolution of the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), a group of Pentagon insurgents who are fighting to change how the DoD relates to emerging technologies.
We discuss:
The origin story of DIU and its early struggles to break Pentagon bureaucracy;
How DIU leveraged “waiver authority” to circumvent red tape under Defense Secretary Ash Carter;
Why the defense industrial base is ill-equipped to keep pace with technological change;
The case for shifting more DoD spending to non-traditional tech companies;
Lessons from commercial spaceflight for future AI governance, including potential issues with a “Manhattan project for AI.”
Outtro music: 告五人 Accusefive - 愛人錯過 Somewhere in Time (Youtube Link)