Secrets of the microbiome: the vagina

The Importance of Vaginal Microbiome for Women's Health

The vaginal microbiome plays a crucial role in women's health. A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by lactobacilli, bacteria that produce lactic acid, which helps maintain a low pH and protects against invading bacteria. Unlike in the gut microbiome, a less diverse vaginal microbiome dominated by lactobacilli is considered healthier. The vaginal microbiome undergoes changes throughout a woman's life, influenced by factors such as hormones, menstruation, and sexual activity. Disruption of the vaginal microbiome by antibiotics can lead to imbalances and infections. Unhealthy lifestyle factors, including smoking and obesity, also impact the vaginal microbiome. Studies suggest that dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome may increase the risk of viral infections, such as HPV and HIV, and potentially impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the vaginal microbiome could open up avenues for personalized treatments and risk assessments to improve women's health.