Medieval philosopher John Wyclif and the Lollards are discussed, highlighting their opposition to the Roman Church, English Bible translation, and disputes over Church teachings like transubstantiation. The podcast explores Wyclif's background, ties to John of Gaunt, radical preaching, the Blackfrize Council's impact, and the collaborative effort behind the Wyclif Bible and its consequences on the Lawlards movement and the Reformation period.
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Quick takeaways
Wyclif's translation of the Bible into English empowered lay readers to interpret scripture independently.
Wyclif's alliance with John of Gaunt aimed to limit clerical influence in governance and challenge church wealth.
Wyclif's realism philosophy led him to derive communism, emphasizing common goods over individual possessions.
Deep dives
Wickliffe's Early Career and Philosophical Uniqueness
John Wickliffe, a Yorkshireman, started his career conventionally at Oxford, delving into philosophy before theology. Uniquely, he opposed nominalism, favoring realism which assigned real existence to universals. Surprisingly, he derived communism from his realism, emphasizing common goods over individual possessions.
Dissent Against the Catholic Church Before Wickliffe
Before Wickliffe, organized dissent against the Catholic Church was minimal in England. Continental dissent, like the Cathars, faced brutal suppression. Wickliffe's ideas arose amidst a time of questioning authority due to changes after the Black Death.
Wickliffe's Relationship with John of Gaunt and Anti-Clerical Views
Wickliffe's ties with John of Gaunt stemmed from supporting anti-clerical ideas to limit clerical influence in governance and enhance church contributions to the war effort. Their alliance aimed to challenge the church's wealth and power.
The Significance of Wickliffe's Bible Translation
Wickliffe's translation of the Bible into English was a collaborative effort challenging traditional Latin versions. It empowered lay readers to access and interpret scripture themselves, inciting a critical shift in religious authority. Despite facing persecution posthumously, his translation influenced later reformers.
Impact of Wickliffe's Teachings and Consequences
Wickliffe's teachings laid foundations for dissent against church practices, advocating individual interpretation of scripture and challenging clergy authority. While his direct influence on later reformers was debated, his emphasis on personal reflection and Bible access resonated in early radical Protestant movements.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss John Wyclif and the Lollards.John Wyclif was a medieval philosopher and theologian who in the fourteenth century instigated the first complete English translation of the Bible. One of the most important thinkers of the Middle Ages, he also led a movement of opposition to the Roman Church and its institutions which has come to be seen as a precursor to the Reformation. Wyclif disputed some of the key teachings of the Church, including the doctrine of transubstantiation. His followers, the Lollards, were later seen as dangerous heretics, and in the fifteenth century many of them were burnt at the stake. Today Lollardy is seen as the first significant movement of dissent against the Church in England.With:Sir Anthony KennyPhilosopher and former Master of Balliol College, OxfordAnne HudsonEmeritus Professor of Medieval English at the University of OxfordRob LuttonLecturer in Medieval History at the University of NottinghamProducer: Thomas Morris.
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