The Foundations of Indian Philosophy

Ancient Indian philosophy emerged as a deep reflection on life's purpose, with key concepts centered around achieving ultimate states such as Moksha and Nirvana. This philosophical landscape included foundational texts like the Vedas and Upanishads, which emphasized the unity of humanity with the cosmos through poetic expressions. The teachings of the Buddha and Mahavira also contributed significantly, shaping early thought alongside influential epics like the Mahabharata. The transition into the age of sutras marked growth in philosophical discourse, characterized by aphoristic texts that necessitated interpretative commentary, leading to the rise of prominent schools such as Nyaya, Vaisheshika, and Vedanta.