#55 Robert Sapolsky - Free Will Doesn't Exist. Now What?
Feb 11, 2024
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Neuroendocrinology researcher Robert Sapolsky challenges the concept of free will. They discuss neuroscience, physics, and philosophy arguments against free will. Factors like brain activity, sensory stimuli, hormones, genetics, and culture heavily influence human behavior. Glucose levels are a significant predictor of a judge's parole decision. They explore Buridan's donkey and limitations of randomness. Ancestors' environment, cultural backgrounds, and physiological differences shape present behavior. They discuss the consequences of disregarding free will, including existential concerns and potential nihilism.
Our behaviors are influenced by a multitude of factors, including genetics, environment, upbringing, and brain processes, highlighting the limitations of attributing moral responsibility to individuals.
Recognizing the factors that shape our behaviors and motivations can lead to a more reflective and empathetic perspective, ultimately fostering a more compassionate society without blame and unfair judgments.
Deep dives
The Illusion of Free Will
The podcast explores the concept of free will and how it may not truly exist. The speaker, Robert Sapolsky, argues that our behaviors are influenced by a multitude of factors, including genetics, environment, upbringing, and brain processes. He emphasizes the point that we are the product of circumstances, experiences, and biological factors over which we have no control. Sapolsky discusses the limitations of attributing agency and moral responsibility to individuals, highlighting examples such as the hungry judge phenomenon, which shows how hunger can affect decision-making. He argues that removing the notion of free will can lead to a more humane and compassionate society without blame, punishment, and unfair judgments.
The Impact on Personal Identity
Sapolsky delves into the implications of the absence of free will on personal identity. He acknowledges the existential void it may create, as it challenges deeply-held beliefs about achievements, love, and accomplishments. He also acknowledges the difficulty in fully adopting the belief in determinism in our daily lives, as our actions and emotions are deeply rooted in a belief in agency. However, he suggests that recognizing the factors that shape our behaviors and motivations can lead to a more reflective and empathetic perspective.
Societal Implications
The podcast discusses the societal implications of relinquishing the belief in free will. Sapolsky highlights how societies have already moved away from blaming witches for bad weather and have recognized the biological and environmental causes of various conditions. He argues that blame, punishment, and reward should be reframed as instrumental tools rather than intrinsic virtues. Sapolsky suggests that society can still protect itself while adopting a more compassionate approach and separating motivation from moral responsibility.
Challenges and Future Perspectives
Sapolsky addresses the challenges of adopting a deterministic worldview, particularly in relation to motivation, ambition, and drive. He acknowledges that finding motivation without the belief in free will is a difficult task. However, he proposes that gratitude and wonder can replace the need for personal merit or entitlement. Sapolsky concludes by emphasizing the ongoing journey of understanding our own machineness and the complexity of the human predicament.
Robert Sapolsky is an American neuroendocrinology researcher and author. He is a professor of biology, neurology, neurological sciences, and neurosurgery at Stanford University.
He is the author of "Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will", which you can purchase here.
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