Ep. 8: Aged Neurons in a Dish Featuring Justine Miller
Dec 13, 2013
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Justine Miller, a PhD candidate from Lorenz Studer's lab at Memorial Sloan Kettering, discusses her groundbreaking research on aging neurons derived from stem cells. She reveals how they age in culture, shedding light on neurodegeneration and the challenges in modeling such diseases. The conversation touches on innovative gene editing techniques like CRISPR and the implications of recent findings on male birth control. Join them as they explore the intersection of neuroscience, aging, and cutting-edge research methodologies.
The research highlights the role of progerin in creating aged neurons, aiding the understanding of age-related neurological disorders like Parkinson's.
Recent discoveries in developing a 'ground state' for embryonic stem cells have significant implications for creating mature cell types for therapies.
The podcast discusses challenges in scientific publishing, emphasizing the need for a balance between publication pressure and rigorous scientific inquiry.
Deep dives
Introduction to Progerin and Aging Research
The podcast emphasizes the significance of progerin, a protein linked to premature aging, in modeling age-related neurological disorders. Researchers are exploring how overexpression of progerin can mimic the aging process in neurons, allowing them to potentially better understand diseases like Parkinson's that affect older populations. This approach addresses the challenge faced by scientists in studying late-onset diseases using pluripotent stem cells, which may not accurately represent the disease phenotype due to their youthful characteristics. By inducing an aging-like state in human neurons, they hope to uncover critical biological insights for developing effective therapies.
Breakthroughs in Stem Cell Research
The discussion highlights recent breakthroughs in stem cell research, particularly concerning the development of a 'ground state' for human embryonic stem cells. This new state could allow for improved derivation of mature cell types that are more representative of human physiology, essential for cell replacement therapies. This research signifies a shift in understanding the developmental capacities of stem cells, particularly how their maturity can be manipulated in vitro for therapeutic applications. By refining these techniques, researchers aim to enhance the effectiveness of stem cell-derived therapies.
Neuronal Phenotypes and Aging
The podcast explores findings related to purposeful aging in stem cell-derived neurons, which showcase distinct features akin to aged cells. Notably, researchers discovered neuromelanin in these neurons, which is typically associated with mature dopaminergic neurons in the human brain. The presence of this pigment signifies progress in developing models that accurately reflect the aging process, which is crucial for studying neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, this work offers a novel avenue for testing therapeutic interventions aimed at alleviating age-related neuronal degeneration.
Implications for Drug Testing and Therapies
The discussion also centers on the implications of this aging model for drug testing within neurodegenerative disease research. By utilizing aged stem cell-derived neurons, scientists can create more relevant disease models to test the efficacy of new therapeutics before clinical trials. This approach aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application by ensuring that tested drugs can effectively address the underlying mechanisms of aging and disease. As the field moves forward, the capability to model diseases in a laboratory setting could significantly accelerate the discovery of treatments.
Navigating Scientific Challenges and Innovations
Finally, the podcast highlights ongoing challenges in navigating the complexities of scientific publishing and research. The pressure to publish in prestigious journals can impact the quality of research and scientific training, often shifting the focus from inquiry-driven science to mere publication metrics. The conversation raises awareness about the potential drawbacks of this trend, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to scientific discovery that values both innovation and methodological rigor. Acknowledging and addressing these issues is crucial for fostering a healthy research environment that prioritizes genuine scientific advancement.
Guest:
Justine Miller, a PhD candidate from Lorenz Studer's lab at Memorial Sloan Kettering, joins us to discuss her recent paper in Cell Stem Cell showing how to age stem cell-derived neurons in the culture dish. In our science round up, we discuss everything from the ground state in stem cells to male birth control. We then dive into other stem cell topics including reprogramming via protein transduction and CRISPR-mediated gene repair.
Photo Reference: Courtesy of Justine Miller, PhD candidate
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