Frozen frogs, tissues and cells — the health and environmental benefits of keeping it chill
Oct 24, 2024
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Join Ken Storey, a Biology Professor, alongside experts Saffron Bryant, Marlys Houck, and Justine O’Brien as they dive into the astonishing world of cryopreservation. Discover how the incredible wood frog’s ability to freeze and survive inspires advancements in organ preservation. They discuss the Frozen Zoo’s role in conserving genetic diversity across species and the unique challenges of preserving different animal cells. Plus, explore the promising potential of biobanks in restoring coral ecosystems and safeguarding biodiversity for the future.
The unique cryoprotective abilities of wood frogs may revolutionize organ preservation methods, potentially reducing transplant waiting lists.
The Frozen Zoo plays a critical role in conserving biodiversity by preserving genetic materials, aiding efforts to recover extinct or endangered species.
Deep dives
The Marvels of Wood Frogs
Wood frogs, particularly Rana sylvatica, possess the unique ability to survive extreme cold by turning themselves into ice. At temperatures below zero, these frogs utilize nucleating proteins that initiate ice formation on their skin, which then spreads internally through their veins and arteries. This process allows for the preservation of their body while still maintaining a low level of metabolism, enabling them to effectively endure winter without completely shutting down. The frogs also produce large amounts of glucose, which works as a cryoprotectant, cushioning their cells against damage typically caused by freezing.
Cryopreservation in Medical Science
The principles observed in wood frogs have significant implications for organ preservation in medical science. Research is underway to apply high sub-zero temperature freezing techniques combined with glucose protection to human organs, which could potentially eliminate waiting lists for transplants. While studies have successfully cryopreserved organs from dogs and other mammals, translating these methods to human application presents challenges, primarily due to regulatory restrictions and the need for human organs in optimal condition. However, progressive research aims to optimize these techniques for more effective organ preservation in the future.
Conservation and the Frozen Zoo
The Frozen Zoo serves as a vital resource in the fight against extinction, housing genetic materials from a diverse array of species, including endangered ones. This facility, which started in 1975, now holds samples from over 11,300 individuals and has successfully contributed to the cloning of species like the black-footed ferret. The preservation of genetic diversity offers a way to potentially revive species that are functionally extinct, as seen with the northern white rhino. The ongoing efforts in biobanking emphasize the importance of preserving living materials to support future conservation technologies.
Rana Sylvatica is an unassuming wood frog with an extraordinary gift. In the depths of winter, it can slow down its metabolism, flood its cells with ice and remain in a state of suspended animation for months. But it's what it might be able to teach us about preserving human organs for transplant that has scientists really excited. Also, the menagerie in an icy test tube — San Diego's Frozen Zoo and the fight to preserve biodiversity.
Guests
Dr Ken Storey — Professor of Biology and Biochemistry, Carleton University, Canada.
Dr Saffron Bryant – Senior lecturer, Department of Physics, RMIT University
Marlys Houck – Curator, Frozen Zoo, San Diego Wildlife Alliance
Dr Justine O’Brien – Manager, Conservation Science,Taronga Conservation Society Australia