David Goldblatt, a noted Olympic historian and author of "The Games: A Global History of the Olympics," teams up with commentator Spencer Mizen to dive into the fascinating journey of the Olympic Games. They discuss the ancient Greek origins and the remarkable revival in the 19th century, shedding light on the chaotic 1900 Paris Games. The conversation also touches on the significant evolution of women's participation and the impactful stories of athletes who overcame adversity, making it a captivating exploration of Olympic history.
The Ancient Olympics, rooted in Greek culture, evolved from a local festival into a significant competition honoring Zeus by the 5th century.
Jesse Owens' monumental achievements at the 1936 Olympics not only defied Nazi racial ideology but also became pivotal in America's fight against racism and civil rights.
Deep dives
Origins of the Ancient Olympics
The Ancient Olympics started around the 11th century BCE as a local festival at Olympia, evolving into a regional competition by the 7th century. By the 5th century, participants from across the Hellenic world gathered to compete, with the games becoming integral to Greek culture as a religious festival honoring Zeus. The Romans later embraced the Olympics, greatly enhancing its infrastructure, though the event waned after Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. By the 4th century CE, the games faded from public consciousness, only to be revived over a millennium later through archaeological interest.
Revival of the Modern Olympics
The modern Olympics were primarily inspired by Baron de Coubertin, a French aristocrat who was influenced by the sporting culture of British public schools. Attempts to revive the Olympic Games prior to the 1890s were seen in various European nations, notably during the French Revolution and by figures like Dr. Penny Brooks in England. Coubertin, after being introduced to Brooks' ideas, organized a conference in 1894, culminating in the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. This revival was politically charged, as it sought to unite national pride and cultural heritage through athleticism.
Impact of the 1936 Olympics
The 1936 Olympics featured Jesse Owens, whose success resonated strongly in the U.S., especially among the African American press, amidst a backdrop of intense racial politics. Owens's performances were somewhat overshadowed in the South, where racial segregation persisted and his accomplishments received little recognition. His victories challenged Nazi ideology of racial superiority, though the international response was mixed, with many nations still impressed by Germany's display. Owens's legacy grew later, as post-war narratives emphasized his achievements as symbolic of the struggle against racism and for civil rights in America.
Women's Participation in the Olympics
Women's involvement in the Olympics faced fierce opposition, with many early organizers viewing sport as a display of male dominance. Initial participation was minimal, with few events until after World War I, when the women’s sports movement gained traction. Prominent advocates like Alice Milliat organized women's Olympic events in the 1920s, pushing for inclusion in mainstream competitions. By 1928, women first ran an Olympic event, though perceptions about their physical capabilities limited their participation for decades, reflecting broader societal attitudes towards gender roles in sport.
Over the past two weeks, we've witnessed spectacular sporting achievements in Paris. And for anyone who doesn't feel quite ready for the Olympics to be over just yet, we've got the pod for you. In this Everything you wanted to know episode recorded in 2021, David Goldblatt answers listener questions on Olympic history. Speaking to Spencer Mizen, David explores the contest's ancient Greek origins, revisits its madcap modern resurgence, and reveals why the 1900 Paris Games were somewhat more chaotic than their 2024 counterpart.