267 | Benjamin Breen on Margaret Mead, Psychedelics, and Utopia
Feb 26, 2024
01:13:11
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Explore the impact of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson on anthropology, psychedelics, and cybernetics. Dive into the history of psychedelic drugs, utopian visions, and ethical dilemmas during World War II and the Cold War. Unveil the complex relationships and controversial choices of pioneering thinkers in the field. Discuss the therapeutic potential of psychedelics and their role in achieving creative breakthroughs and mental health benefits.
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Quick takeaways
Mead's pursuit of a utopia through scientific means challenged traditional ideologies.
Exploration of altered states led to insights on social cohesion and transcendence.
Psychedelic research underscores the importance of nuanced scientific approaches in societal integration.
Deep dives
Margaret Mead's Utopian Vision and Scientific Pursuits
Margaret Mead, a renowned anthropologist, was driven by an expansive vision of creating a science of expanded consciousness. Her work aimed at understanding and shaping humanity's evolution and potential for transcendence. She advocated for a concrete goal for scientists to work towards a vivid utopia devoid of traditional religious or communist influences. Despite facing personal and professional challenges, Mead continued to promote her utopian ideals through her scientific endeavors.
Research on Trance States and the Study of Altered Consciousness
Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson delved into the study of trance states and altered consciousness, particularly focusing on the transferrance of self and societal implications. Their research in Bali and interest in shamanistic practices revealed a broader fascination with altered states of consciousness. Mead's exploration of indigenous cultures like the Omaha people shed light on how substances like peyote could foster social cohesion and transcend individual fears.
World War II's Impact on Science and Ethical Dilemmas
The onset of World War II marked a shift in the relationship between science and utopian ideals. Scientists like Bateson faced ethical dilemmas regarding the military's use of science for warfare. The interactions between science, propaganda, and psychological warfare during the war demonstrated the complexities of scientific contributions to societal and political conflicts.
Exploring Psychedelic Research and Personal Reflections
Margaret Mead's interest in psychedelics and truth drugs during the 1950s revealed a shift in her scientific pursuits and personal reflections. Delving into LSD research and its cognitive effects, Mead contemplated the impact of psychedelics on cognition and creativity. Despite intentions to experiment with LSD, concerns about social and career repercussions led her to reconsider, showcasing the intricate intersection of personal exploration and professional constraints.
Insights on the Subjective States of Consciousness and Conscious Experience
Exploring William James's perspective on consciousness altered by Nitrous Oxide, the podcast delves into how psychedelics offer diverse subjective states of consciousness beyond the standard conscious experience. The discussion emphasizes the value of understanding different ways of experiencing consciousness not just for personal exploration but also for professionals like psychiatrists.
Lessons in Psychedelic Research and Societal Integration
The episode delves into the history of psychedelic research, highlighting the missed opportunities and societal shifts that shaped the perception of psychedelics, leading to their eventual banning. It touches on cautionary lessons from the past, emphasizing the need for a nuanced and culturally embedded approach to scientific innovation, particularly in the context of introducing psychedelics into society.
The twentieth century was something, wasn't it? Margaret Mead, as well as her onetime-husband Gregory Bateson, managed to play roles in several of its key developments: social anthropology and its impact on sex & gender mores, psychedelic drugs and their potential use for therapeutic purposes, and the origin of cybernetics, to name a few. Benjamin Breen discusses this impactful trajectory in his new book, Tripping on Utopia: Margaret Mead, the Cold War, and the Troubled Birth of Psychedelic Science. We talk about Mead and Bateson, the early development of psychedelic drugs, and how the possibility of a realistic utopia didn't always seem so far away.
Benjamin Breen received his Ph.D. in history from the University of Texas at Austin. He is currently an associate professor of history at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Among his awards are the National Endowment for the Humanities Award for Faculty and the William H. Welch Medal of the American Association for the History of Medicine. He writes on Substack at Res Obscura.