Helen Margetts, a leading expert on society and the internet, Cosmina Dorobantu, co-director at the Alan Turing Institute, and Jonathan Bright, head of AI safety, discuss the transformative potential of AI in public services. They explore how AI can enhance efficiency while tackling concerns about equity and historical tech failures. The conversation touches on the importance of automating decisions, the risks of bias in AI, and the pressing need for gender representation in tech. Together, they emphasize a balanced approach to integrating AI that prioritizes public benefit.
AI has the potential to enhance public sector productivity, but must be balanced with equity to avoid increasing disparities.
The history of technology in public services highlights the need for in-house expertise and careful consideration of fairness and bias in AI implementation.
Deep dives
Opportunities in AI for Public Services
AI has significant potential to improve public sector productivity amidst financial constraints. The public sector in the UK employs around 6 million people and contributes about 20% to the economy, which indicates that productivity enhancements could yield substantial economic benefits. Current discussions emphasize the necessity to integrate productivity gains with equity, as focusing solely on efficiency can lead to increased disparities. Therefore, efforts must be made to strike a balance between improving public service delivery through AI while ensuring equitable access to these advancements.
Challenges of Past Technology Implementations
The history of technology adoption in government reveals numerous challenges, often rooted in the complexity of public sector institutions. With local governments performing a multitude of diverse services, implementing effective tech changes has repeatedly proven difficult. Notable failures, such as issues of bias and lack of accountability in algorithmic outputs, highlight the necessity of learning from previous mistakes to avoid similar pitfalls. Inadequate internal expertise due to excessive outsourcing has also hindered the successful integration of technology in public services.
Addressing Inequities in AI Deployment
While AI adoption presents exciting opportunities, it also poses risks of exacerbating existing inequalities, particularly in access and outcomes. There is an urgent need for a digital inclusion strategy to ensure that all citizens can benefit from AI-enhanced public services, regardless of their technological capabilities. The paper stresses the importance of prioritizing fairness and bias considerations in AI tools to prevent replicating societal inequities within public services. Engaging the public in the design and implementation of these technologies is also crucial for fostering trust and ensuring diverse voices are heard.
The Need for a Pro-Human Approach
A pro-human approach to AI adoption in public services focuses not solely on cost-cutting but on enhancing service delivery and the work experience of public sector employees. Technologies should aim to assist workers, such as teachers and healthcare professionals, enabling them to manage their workloads better rather than just reducing staffing levels. There is a need for government to develop in-house expertise that can thoughtfully integrate AI into service delivery, thereby ensuring that technological transformations support the workforce rather than replace it. By emphasizing human-centered design, public services can achieve greater efficiency while maintaining quality and accessibility.
Artificial intelligence is increasingly being touted as a game-changer across various sectors, including public services. But while AI presents significant opportunities for improving efficiency and effectiveness, concerns about fairness, equity, and past failures in public sector IT transformations loom large. And, of course, the idea of tech moguls like Elon Musk wielding immense influence over our daily lives is unsettling for many.
So, what are the real opportunities AI offers for public services? What risks need to be managed? And how well are governments—particularly in the UK—rising to the challenge?
In this episode, we dive into these questions with three expert guests who have recently published an article in The Political Quarterly on the subject:
Helen Margetts – Professor of Society and the Internet at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, and Director of the Public Policy Programme at The Alan Turing Institute. Previously, she was Director of the School of Public Policy at UCL.
Cosmina Dorobantu – Co-director of the Public Policy Programme at The Alan Turing Institute.
Jonathan Bright – Head of Public Services and AI Safety at The Alan Turing Institute.
UCL’s Department of Political Science and School of Public Policy offers a uniquely stimulating environment for the study of all fields of politics, including international relations, political theory, human rights, public policy-making and administration. The Department is recognised for its world-class research and policy impact, ranking among the top departments in the UK on both the 2021 Research Excellence Framework and the latest Guardian rankings.
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