Fr. Stephen Brock, an expert in Medieval Philosophy, discusses the concept of free will, critiquing experiments on determinism, exploring external influences on choices, and delving into St. Thomas' views on moral decision-making. The podcast also examines the complexity of free will in choosing between good and evil, even in a sinless environment like heaven.
Critics of free will inadvertently assume its presence, showing its practical undeniable nature.
Aquinas views happiness as an intrinsic desire that guides decisions, emphasizing reasoned evaluations over arbitrary choices.
Deep dives
Freedom of Will: An Inherent Reality
The podcast delves into the topic of free will, emphasizing that the existence of free will doesn't require direct proof. It is considered too obvious to be questioned practically. Even critics of free will inadvertently assume its presence during their arguments. Sam Harris, a prominent author, argues against free will to alleviate blame, proposing that absence of free will removes culpability. However, denying free will eliminates not only accountability for negative actions but also for positive deeds, potentially hindering the prospect of genuine friendships.
Limitations and Determinants of Free Will
The discussion explores Aquinas's perspective on free will, highlighting that the will isn't unrestricted in its choices. Aquinas views happiness as an intrinsic desire that shapes human will, akin to an essential inclination that guides decisions. Contrary to the belief that free will permits arbitrary actions, Aquinas asserts that choices involve reasoned evaluations leading to preferences based on perceived goodness or desirability. The lecture scrutinizes a scientific experiment by Benjamin Libet, illustrating how actions, even seemingly trivial, stem from a chain of influences and rationales.
Causes, Predictability, and Actions
A critical examination of free will's relationship with causality unfolds, emphasizing that while actions have causes, they are not purely predetermined by such factors. The predictability of human behavior results from stable influences and formative habits rather than absolute determinism. Aquinas underscores the capacity for self-determination within a context of influential predispositions, stressing that individuals retain the agency to resist or align with habitual inclinations.
Balancing Freedom and Moral Choices
The conversation transitions towards assessing free will concerning moral decision-making, asserting that free choice isn't exclusively centered on discerning between good and evil. Aquinas suggests that while opting for morally acceptable alternatives is essential, the faculty of free will extends beyond the moral dichotomy. Reflecting on the imperfections of free choice, the lecture underscores the priority of choosing ethically and responsibly, while acknowledging the complexity of navigating between personal desires and virtuous conduct.
Stephen L. Brock is a priest of the Prelature of Opus Dei (ordained 1992). He is Ordinary Professor of Medieval Philosophy at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome, where he began teaching in 1990. Since 2008 he has been an Ordinary Member of the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas. Since 2017 he has been a visiting professor in the Department of Philosophy of the University of Chicago. He is the author of Action & Conduct: Thomas Aquinas and the Theory of Action (T&T Clark, 1998); The Philosophy of Saint Thomas Aquinas: A Sketch (Wipf & Stock, 2015); The Light that Binds: a Study in Thomas Aquinas's Metaphysics of Natural Law (Wipf & Stock, 2020); and numerous articles on various aspects of Aquinas’s thought.
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