The Fed's Tom Barkin On the Impact of Higher Interest Rates
Oct 2, 2023
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Tom Barkin, Richmond Fed President, discusses the impact of higher interest rates on the US economy and various sectors such as housing and banking. He highlights the resilience of the economy and how businesses have adjusted their plans in anticipation of a recession. Despite higher rates, house prices remain high due to changing priorities and limited supply. The chapter also delves into inflationary risks and the challenges faced by monetary policy.
The US economy has shown resilience to higher interest rates, with strong consumer spending and changes in the labor market dynamics.
Tom Barkin, President of the Richmond Fed, emphasizes the importance of gathering ground-level insights from businesses to develop a nuanced understanding of the economy and inform decision-making.
Deep dives
The Resiliency of the US Economy in the Face of Higher Interest Rates
Despite recent bond market sell-offs and concerns over inflation, the US economy has proven to be surprisingly resilient to higher interest rates. While the Fed has been gradually raising short-term interest rates for 18 months, long-term rates have only recently begun to rise. This tightening cycle may have just started. Furthermore, despite headline risks such as a looming government shutdown and the UAW strike, the US economy has shown resilience. Consumer spending has remained strong, with different segments of consumers exhibiting varying spending patterns. Additionally, the labor market has experienced significant changes, with new hierarchies of jobs emerging and employers struggling to catch up with the shifting dynamics.
The Importance of Gathering Ground-Level Insights for Monetary Policy
Tom Barkin, President of the Richmond Fed, emphasizes the significance of gathering ground-level insights when formulating monetary policy. Barkin travels extensively to meet with business owners and gain firsthand understanding of economic conditions. He believes that data often arrives too late and can be subject to revisions, making it crucial to supplement with real-time feedback from various sectors. By engaging with businesses, Barkin gains unique perspectives and uncovers trends that may not be immediately apparent from economic data alone. These insights help him develop a nuanced understanding of the economy and inform his decision-making process.
The Interplay Between Business Pricing Decisions and Inflation
The recent surge in inflation has prompted discussions about the interplay between business pricing decisions and inflationary pressures. In the past, a set of forces kept pricing under control, such as e-commerce, offshoring, and cost-cutting measures. However, recent supply constraints, increased demand, and rising costs have given businesses the opportunity to raise prices. While this has been driven by a variety of factors, including supply shortages and labor market dynamics, businesses have eagerly sought to increase prices to improve profitability. This shift in pricing strategies has contributed to inflationary pressures, and it remains to be seen how sustainable these pricing adjustments will be in the long term.
Navigating Uncertainty and Financial Conditions Amidst Inflationary Risks
As inflationary risks persist, the Fed faces the challenge of navigating uncertainty and evaluating financial conditions. Recent developments, including the bond market sell-off and rising energy prices, have tightened financial conditions. The impact of these conditions on inflation and demand is a key consideration for the Fed. While the exact trajectory of inflation and its drivers are uncertain, evaluating financial conditions and their potential effects on the economy remains essential in guiding future monetary policy decisions.
The US economy has so far withstood the effects of higher interest rates a lot better than expected. Unemployment is still at historic lows, even while inflation has cooled and the Federal Reserve has hiked rates for about 18 months. That's not how things are supposed to work according to traditional economic theory. So what's going on? On this episode, we speak with Richmond Fed President Tom Barkin about how he's viewing the impact of higher rates right now. He talks about what businesses are telling him about their plans, and what sectors of the economy could still feel the long and variable lag from tighter monetary policy.