This episode explores the events of the Estates General meeting during the French Revolution, including the impact of food scarcity and the bloody consequences. It discusses the connection between hunger and revolutions, as well as the hardships faced by the French people. The chapter also delves into the lead-up to the meeting and the riots that ensued. It highlights the insults and slights experienced by the third estate during the grand opening ceremony, setting a poor start for the Estates General.
50:40
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Quick takeaways
Food scarcity and rising grain prices led to increased expenses and growing frustration among the French population.
The opening ceremony of the Estates General resulted in dissatisfaction, division, and deadlock among the different orders.
Deep dives
Hunger and Hardship in France
The French people on the eve of the revolution experienced severe hunger and economic hardship. Crop failures and rising grain prices contributed to increased expenses on food, with the average Frenchman spending roughly 50% of their income on it. The harsh winter of 1788-1789 exacerbated the situation, causing further scarcity and skyrocketing prices. The impoverished countryside, along with unemployed factory workers in regional capitals, added to the growing frustrations and tensions of the French population.
The Estates General Begins
The opening ceremony of the Estates General was marred by dissatisfaction and disappointment. King Louis XVI's speech failed to inspire the delegates, and Finance Minister Necker's lengthy and tedious account of the nation's finances only added to the frustration. The third estate, comprised mostly of lawyers, refused to verify their delegates independently and insisted on the process being done jointly with the other orders. The nobility and clergy, however, remained separate and conducted their own verification, leading to a deadlock and increasing division among the estates.
Factions and Obstruction
Within the third estate, there were three prominent factions: the deputies from Paris, the delegates from Dauphine, and the members of the Breton Club. As the deadlock continued, the Breton Club advocated for obstruction and opposition, while the Dauphine deputies sought compromise and collaboration with the other orders. The Paris delegates, although not present at the opening, were expected to have a significant impact once they arrived. The divisions and disagreements among these factions further complicated the attempts to find a resolution.
Division in the First Estate
The first estate, comprised mostly of the clergy, was also experiencing internal tensions. The common parish priests, who dominated the first estate, grew increasingly dissatisfied with their higher-ranking bishops and their opulent lifestyles. As the deadlock persisted, the clash between the common priests and the higher clergy intensified, leading to a division within the first estate. The common priests began to align themselves more closely with the third estate, marking a potential shift in the dynamics of the estates general.
While the Estates General gathered at Versailles, new problems emerged. Already facing unprecedented challenges, the French government had to grapple with an age-old foe. Starvation. Scarcity of food resulted in bloody consequences, including theRéveillon riots of April 1789.
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About
Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Enjoy Revolutions? This is for you!