Experts discuss the age of the Universe, from theoretical estimations to cosmic background radiation measurements. Historical evolution of age estimates, from Hubble's expanding universe to present methods. Unraveling cosmic mysteries like dark energy and eventual fate of the universe.
Read more
AI Summary
AI Chapters
Episode notes
auto_awesome
Podcast summary created with Snipd AI
Quick takeaways
The age of the Universe has been estimated to be around 13.75 billion years using various methods including cosmic microwave background radiation measurements.
Geological evidence, natural selection theory, and radioactivity discoveries have contributed to the understanding of the Earth's and Universe's age being in the range of 10 to 20 billion years.
Deep dives
Understanding the Age of the Earth and Sun
In the 19th century, two lines of evidence led to the understanding that the Earth needed to be much older than previously thought. Geological evidence suggested it would have taken tens to hundreds of millions of years to form, while Darwin's theory of natural selection implied a similar timescale for evolution. Additionally, Lord Kelvin's estimation of the Sun's age based on gravitational energy was initially puzzling, but later discoveries in nuclear energy clarified the discrepancy, aligning with a 10 to 20 billion-year timeline for the universe's origins.
Radioactivity's Role in Dating Rocks
The discovery of radioactivity in the early 20th century provided a revolutionary way to date rocks by measuring the decay of unstable elements to stable ones. By analyzing the proportions of these elements in rock samples, scientists like Arthur Holmes estimated the Earth's age to be about 1.5 to 3 billion years, while elements decaying over 4.5 billion years were found, leading to accurate dating techniques.
Expansion of the Universe and Hubble's Law
In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble's observations with powerful telescopes revealed that galaxies were moving away from each other, indicating an expanding universe. Hubble's Law established a linear relationship between a galaxy's speed and distance, quantified by the Hubble constant. By measuring galaxies' speeds and distances, scientists inferred the age of the universe to be approximately 13.7 billion years.
Exploring Inflation and the Cosmic Microwave Background
In the 1980s, cosmic inflation theory emerged as a model to explain the rapid expansion of the universe shortly after the Big Bang. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation in the mid-60s further supported the Big Bang theory, offering a thermal echo of the universe's hot, dense past. Through meticulous observations and theoretical calculations, researchers have unveiled the universe's timeline, estimating its age, and foreseeing a future of cosmic expansion, cooling, and emptiness.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the age of the Universe.Since the 18th century, when scientists first realised that the Universe had existed for more than a few thousand years, cosmologists have debated its likely age. The discovery that the Universe was expanding allowed the first informed estimates of its age to be made by the great astronomer Edwin Hubble in the early decades of the twentieth century. Hubble's estimate of the rate at which the Universe is expanding, the so-called Hubble Constant, has been progressively improved. Today cosmologists have a variety of other methods for ageing the Universe, most recently the detailed measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation - the afterglow of the Big Bang - made in the last decade. And all these methods seem to agree on one thing: the Universe has existed for around 13.75 billion years.With:Martin ReesAstronomer Royal and Emeritus Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics at the University of CambridgeCarolin CrawfordMember of the Institute of Astronomy and Fellow of Emmanuel College at the University of CambridgeCarlos FrenkDirector of the Institute for Computational Cosmology at the University of Durham.Producer: Thomas Morris.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode