HPI 46 - No Four Ways About It - Nagarjuna’s Tetralemma
Jul 9, 2017
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This podcast discusses Nagarjuna's Tetralemma and its challenges to yes-no questions, exploring its interpretations and philosophical applications. It also delves into the distinction between negating nouns and verbs in ancient Indian grammar and the rejection of alternative options in Nagadrinad's philosophy.
Nagarjuna's Tetralemma explores the complexity of philosophical questions beyond simple yes or no answers.
Nagarjuna's rejection of all options in the Tetralemma challenges our belief in the reality of the concepts being discussed.
Deep dives
The Tetralema: Four Alternative Positions
Nagarjuna's philosophy is centered around the Tetralema, which presents four alternative positions on a given topic. These positions are: everything is such as it is, not such as it is, both such as it is and not such as it is, and neither such as it is nor not such as it is. This approach allows Nagarjuna to explore the nuance and complexity of philosophical questions beyond simple yes or no answers.
Interpreting the Tetralema
Scholars have proposed different interpretations of the Tetralema. One interpretation suggests that it deals with opposite properties rather than sheer negations. For example, the options might be about whether a certain property belongs to a certain class of objects. Another interpretation utilizes the distinction between two kinds of negation: Paruddhasa and Prasadja. Prasadja negation negates the verb itself rather than making a positive assertion. This interpretation allows Nagarjuna to reject all four options of the Tetralema without asserting the opposite.
Rejecting All Four Options
When Nagarjuna rejects all four options of the Tetralema, it is not a sign of uncertainty, but a rejection of the underlying concepts represented by each option. By withholding ascent from all alternatives, Nagarjuna aims to demonstrate that each alternative involves a concept with no basis in reality. This rejection parallels the Buddha's practice of sometimes remaining silent when faced with certain questions, indicating a rejection of the very line of questioning. Nagarjuna's rejection of the options challenges our belief in the reality of the concepts being discussed.