U.S. Arms Transfers to Israel, with Brian Finucane and Josh Paul
Nov 28, 2023
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Defense analyst Brian Finucane and political commentator Josh Paul discuss U.S. arms transfers to Israel. They talk about the scale and process of these transfers, the legal and policy requirements, and the debate about imposing conditions on military assistance. They also address the potential complicity and liability for war crimes committed with U.S. weapons, the decision-making process on human rights violations, and the importance of following the law and considering actions.
The scale and process of US arms transfers to Israel involve annual grants of $3.3 billion for military financing and a multi-level assessment of military capability, regional balance, and human rights concerns.
The need for clearer definitions within the Arms Export Control Act is highlighted, with emphasis on self-defense objectives and gross violation of human rights. Improved end-use monitoring is crucial to prevent unintended uses and human rights violations.
Legal justifications and compliance alone are insufficient in addressing humanitarian and security concerns related to US arms transfers. A broader perspective considering humanitarian impact, political implications, and long-term consequences is necessary.
Deep dives
US arms transfers to Israel
The podcast episode discusses the scale and process of US arms transfers to Israel. It highlights the high level of US security assistance to Israel, including annual grants of $3.3 billion for military financing. The arms transfers are divided into long-term capabilities, such as the F-35 program, and more immediate requests, such as precision-guided munitions kits. The process of reviewing and approving these transfers involves multiple levels of assessment and considerations of military capability, regional balance, and human rights concerns. The episode also raises questions about the US legal and policy requirements governing these transfers and the potential complicity and liability for war crimes. The broader implications of continued security assistance to Israel, including the impact on US military readiness, Israeli security, and US standing in the international community, are also discussed.
Challenges in US-Israel arms transfer policy
The podcast explores the challenges and concerns surrounding US arms transfer policy to Israel. It highlights the need for clearer definitions within the Arms Export Control Act, particularly regarding the objectives of self-defense and gross violation of human rights. The discussion emphasizes the importance of improved end-use monitoring to ensure that US-provided arms are not used for purposes not intended or for human rights violations. The episode also raises questions about the potential impact on Israeli security, as US military support may have unintentionally enabled policies and actions that undermine peace efforts and exacerbate tensions in the region. The need for long-term reform in US arms transfer policy is emphasized, including measures to establish common standards, close gaps in the statutory framework, and strengthen oversight and accountability.
Balancing law with broader consequences
The podcast episode highlights the limitations of relying solely on legal justifications and compliance in the context of US arms transfers to Israel. While adhering to the law of war and ensuring compliance with legal requirements are crucial, the discussion emphasizes that these alone may not be sufficient in addressing the larger humanitarian and security concerns. The need for a broader perspective that considers the humanitarian impact, political implications, and the long-term consequences of arms transfers is emphasized. The episode calls for a careful consideration of the endgame, the potential risks and unintended consequences, and the overall impact on regional stability and the well-being of civilian populations.
The urgency to mitigate harm and promote peace
The podcast episode emphasizes the urgent need to mitigate harm and promote peace in the ongoing conflict in Gaza and beyond. It calls for extending the current humanitarian pause and working towards a durable cessation of hostilities. The discussion highlights the devastating impact of the conflict on the people of Gaza, with civilian casualties and humanitarian crises intensifying. The episode underlines the responsibility of the US to monitor the use of its provided arms, ensure compliance with the law of war, and consider the long-term implications of continued military support. It underscores the importance of prioritizing humanitarian concerns and pursuing strategies that can lead to a lasting resolution of the conflict.
Reform and accountability for responsible arms transfers
The podcast episode discusses the need for reform and enhanced accountability in US arms transfer policy. It calls for structural changes to the Arms Export Control Act, including requiring affirmative congressional authorization for certain types of transfers. The discussion focuses on the importance of closing gaps in the legal framework, defining key terms, and strengthening end-use monitoring to prevent human rights violations. The episode emphasizes the need for political checks and policy considerations beyond legal compliance. It highlights the potential negative consequences of unchecked arms transfers, including impacts on US military readiness and the development of regional tensions. Overall, the importance of responsible, transparent, and accountable arms transfers is underscored.
Last month, following Hamas’s Oct. 7 attack on Israel, President Biden announced that his administration would ask Congress for “an unprecedented support package for Israel’s defense,” totaling $14.3 billion. Such a package would supplement the defense aid Israel already receives from the U.S. According to Jonathan Guyer in Vox, “Israel has received about $3 billion annually, adjusted for inflation, for the last 50 years, and is the largest historical recipient of US security aid.”
But with civilian casualties in Gaza mounting, including the reported killing of thousands of Palestinian children, likely with weapons of U.S. origin, a recent article in Foreign Affairs by Brian Finucane asks, “Is Washington Responsible for What Israel Does With American Weapons?”
To talk through that essay, Lawfare Managing Editor Tyler McBrien sat down with Brian, a Senior Adviser at the International Crisis Group and former attorney adviser in the Office of the Legal Adviser at the U.S. State Department, as well as Josh Paul, a former Director in the State Department’s Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, which oversees U.S. arms transfers, who resigned in protest over the U.S. government’s provision of weapons to Israel for use in the conflict in Gaza. They discussed the scale and process of U.S. weapons transfers, the domestic and international law that govern these transfers, and whether the U.S. is complicit and liable for war crimes committed with its weaponry. They also discussed why it would be a mistake to rely solely on the law of war to bring an end to the death and destruction in Gaza.