Columbia Energy Exchange

Anja Manuel on the Next Era of Great Power Competition

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Jan 13, 2026
Anja Manuel is a foreign policy expert and co-founder of a strategic consulting firm, with a rich background in diplomacy. In this discussion, she explores the escalating great power competition between the U.S. and China, comparing it to pre-WWI dynamics. Anja highlights the importance of critical technologies like advanced chips and AI in this geopolitical landscape. She emphasizes the need for cooperation with allies on clean energy supply chains while addressing tensions with India and Europe, and she advocates for mandatory AI safety testing to mitigate risks.
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ADVICE

Focus Controls On Defense-Adjacent Tech

  • Protect technologies that are 'defense adjacent' like leading-edge chips, 5G/6G and fintech.
  • Use narrow export controls and allied cooperation rather than blanket decoupling to manage national security risks.
INSIGHT

China's Clean-Energy Scale Cuts Global Costs

  • Chinese dominance in clean-energy manufacturing lowers global costs and accelerates deployment.
  • Manuel and Jason Bordoff note this reduces prices but raises difficult trade-offs if reducing dependence is pursued.
ANECDOTE

Mountains Of Solar And AI Data Centers

  • Manuel describes visiting Chinese provinces full of solar panels powering big tech data centers and robotics factories.
  • She contrasts China's advanced manufacturing push with U.S. efforts to create similar high-skill jobs.
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