In this engaging discussion, Michael Staunton, a Professor of Medieval History at University College Dublin, unpacks the intriguing life of Thomas Becket. He traces Becket's dramatic rise from humble beginnings to a powerful church figure and his evolving relationship with King Henry II. The conversation highlights Becket's brave defiance against royal authority and how his martyrdom reshaped public perception. Staunton also delves into Becket's complex legacy, marking him as both a saint and a controversial figure in the history of England.
Thomas Becket's rise from humble beginnings to Archbishop of Canterbury highlights the transformative power of education and opportunity in medieval society.
The escalating conflict between Becket and King Henry II showcases the historical struggle for church autonomy and the balance of power between religious and royal authorities.
Deep dives
The Rise of Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket, originally from a commoner background, ascended to significant power in medieval England, becoming the Archbishop of Canterbury. His early life was shaped by a decline in his family's fortunes, prompting him to pursue an education that included time in Paris, though he never completed his studies. He initially worked as a clerk for Archbishop Theobald, leveraging his literacy and practical abilities to navigate the clerical world of mid-12th century England. This background laid the groundwork for his eventual close relationship with King Henry II, who appointed him as royal chancellor, marking the beginning of Becket's dramatic rise in the royal court.
Conflict with King Henry II
Initially, Becket and Henry II shared a close friendship, with Becket serving as a trusted advisor in the king’s efforts to strengthen royal authority. However, their relationship soured after Becket became Archbishop and began to oppose Henry’s attempts to curtail the church's autonomy, particularly regarding legal matters involving clergy. The tension peaked over the issue of 'criminous clerks,' where clerics accused of serious crimes were tried in church courts instead of royal ones, a situation Becket refused to tolerate. This growing schism highlighted the deepening conflict between their respective powers and visions for governance in England.
Exile and Return
Following a series of escalating conflicts, Becket was forced into exile in France, where he sought support from King Louis and the Pope, reaffirming his position as a defender of the church. During his time away, he engaged in spiritual contemplation and received the title of papal legate, gaining significant authority that he would wield upon his return. Becket’s return to England was marked by fierce resistance from Henry II’s supporters, and he quickly resumed his confrontational stance, even excommunicating key figures aligned with the king. This boldness ultimately fueled his martyrdom as his conflict with Henry culminated in his assassination at Canterbury Cathedral.
Legacy of Thomas Becket
The murder of Thomas Becket turned him into a martyr and a saint, rapidly elevating his status in England and beyond, leading to the growth of his cult and important pilgrimage site at Canterbury. Despite initial disappointment from some contemporaries about the lack of immediate followers to his ideals, Becket's story continued to resonate through the centuries, influencing debates about church and state authority. His legacy is profound in providing insight into 12th-century England's power dynamics, illustrating the complexities of personal relationships intertwined with political struggle. Thomas Becket's life and death serve as a rich narrative that captures the interplay of faith, authority, and the societal structures of his time.
Thomas Becket is probably medieval England's most famous martyr and saint – yet the circumstances of his life are overshadowed by his infamous feud with King Henry II, and his shocking murder in Canterbury Cathedral one winter's evening in 1170. Emily Briffett speaks to historian and author Michael Staunton to chart how Becket rocketed to power from humble origins, before dramatically switching from close royal ally to the thorn in Henry II's side.
(Ad) Michael Staunton is the author of Thomas Becket and His World (Reaktion Books, 2025). Buy it now from Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Thomas-Becket-World-Medieval-Lives/dp/183639070X?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.MTvDup6huJD2pesd63URgHlHzJsj9v2mzEUQDBADoJrosLeuGDQ0lnK5a8uakRmrUFhj7Y3yF-qgeE073i2yDP6L9nsaWDygmfrXuvEIWH-WI1hpY2SA31iJw_VSNtMPcfW6FzUJhNHruLcqDe5zZycr4zBJ6PJa_8098f5WqkgFyXzcv8NrODBILSMwzj8N3FxN_DzxW2AXJPq7l7-W_L_WVGlzkdHEPGtUg8-Se9A.PF4sbYGf_bMvm0wEHNE6QZ2ylq3kDsx7lnU_cD__1NI&dib_tag=se&qid=1741605380&refinements=p_27%3AMichael+Staunton&s=books&sr=1-1&tag=bbchistory045-21&ascsubtag=historyextra-social-histboty.
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