David Musgrove explores the life of Harold Godwinson, the king defeated by William the Conqueror. They discuss the famous arrow to the eye story, Harold's rise to power, the Battle of Hastings, and Harold's alleged allegiance to William. They also delve into Harold's character, his reputation as a ruthless leader, and speculate on alternate history outcomes if he had won. The potential consequences of Harold's survival and the future challenges for England are also explored.
Harold Godwinson, though not a direct blood relative of Edward the Confessor, became the practical choice for succession due to his standing and the support of the powerful Godwin family.
Despite his defeat at Hastings, Harold Godwinson's legacy as the last Anglo-Saxon king of England includes being remembered as a courageous and capable leader, and his resistance to the Norman conquest continues to captivate historians.
Deep dives
Harold Godwinson's Rise to Power
Harold Godwinson becomes the King of England in 1066, succeeding Edward the Confessor. Born into a noble English family, Harold's father, Godwin, rose to power under the Danish conquest and gained favor with the king. Harold's mother, Giffa, hailed from a noble Danish family, connecting Harold to the Anglo-Danish ruling dynasty. With his extensive military experience and the support of his influential family, Harold quickly establishes himself as a strong and capable leader.
Harold Godwinson's Claim to the Throne
Although Harold was not a direct blood relative of Edward the Confessor, his standing and the support of the powerful Godwin family made him a practical choice for succession. While some sources claim that Edward had chosen Harold as his successor on his deathbed, there are debates about the authenticity of this claim. Another potential contender, Edgar Atherling, had a stronger blood claim to the throne as a descendant of the House of Wessex. However, as Harold assumes the crown, he faces challenges from rival claimants and recurring Danish invasions.
Harold's Confrontation with William the Conqueror
Harold's reign as king is marked by conflicts and invasions. He successfully repels a joint invasion attempt by Tostig, Harold's exiled brother, and King Harald Hardrada of Norway. However, the victories tire Harold's forces, leaving them at a disadvantage when facing the incoming Normans. Duke William of Normandy claims that Harold had sworn allegiance to him, providing a pretext for the Norman invasion. The famous Battle of Hastings ensues, where Harold faces William in a prolonged, grueling battle. Despite his military skills, Harold is ultimately defeated, and his death remains a subject of debate, with accounts attributing it to both an arrow in the eye and a brutal attack by Norman knights.
Harold Godwinson's Legacy
Harold Godwinson's legacy encompasses his short but eventful reign as the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. Despite his defeat at Hastings, Harold is remembered as a courageous and capable leader who fought against foreign invasions. His resistance to the Norman conquest and his family's continued attempts to regain power hold a place in English history. His reign also marks a pivotal shift in English history, leading to the establishment of Norman rule and closer ties to France. The legends and debates surrounding his life and death continue to captivate historians and evoke "what if" scenarios about the fate of England had he emerged victorious.
King Harold II is famous for getting an arrow to the eye at the battle of Hastings. But is that story even true? And what else should we know about this man whose main claim to fame is being defeated by William the Conqueror? In this Life of the Week episode, David Musgrove explores the life of the king commonly known as Harold Godwinson, with Caitlin Ellis, associate professor in medieval nordic history at Oslo University.
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