A conversation with award-winning journalist and conflict reporter Christoph Reuter on Syria's war economy, including Captagon, criminal networks, and the intersection between criminal networks and war zones. They also discuss the complexities of the war economy in Syria, the smuggling and trade of Kaptagon, and the challenges in delivering humanitarian and development aid in conflict zones.
Syria's war economy facilitates the thriving Captagon smuggling business, with the Assad family playing a significant role in its manufacture and distribution.
Criminal networks take advantage of the war's lawlessness and the state's focus on suppressing rebellion, engaging in various forms of smuggling to fund their activities, including ISIS smuggling cigarettes and fuel.
Deep dives
Syria's Involvement in Captagon Trade and Arab League Readmission
Syria's readmission to the Arab League may have been linked to Arab government's attempts to crack down on drug smuggling, specifically Captagon. Syria is the main producer of Captagon, and the government is heavily involved in its manufacture and distribution. This drug is in high demand, not only among various militias in Syria, but also in wealthy Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia. The Assad family, specifically based in Latakia, plays a significant role in the thriving Captagon smuggling business.
Criminal Networks in Syria's War Economy
Criminal networks thrive in the war economy of Syria due to the complex nature of the conflict. Smuggling networks have emerged to cover various needs, such as rebel groups in desperate need of funding resorting to oil, gasoline, and drug smuggling. Criminal networks take advantage of lawlessness and the state's primary focus on suppressing rebellion rather than enforcing order. ISIS, for example, involved themselves in various forms of smuggling, including cigarettes and fuel, to generate funds for their caliphate.
The Rise and Trade of Captagon in the Middle East
Captagon, an addictive amphetamine, has become a major trade item in the Middle East. It originated with German chemists, then moved to Lebanon, where Hezbollah became involved in its production. The trade reached Syria during the war, predominantly controlled by the Assad family in Latakia. Syria's lawless and war-torn environment provided an ideal breeding ground for Captagon production. The drug's popularity stems from its demand among militias in Syria and among wealthy youth in Gulf countries, who pay high prices for its stimulant effects.
This week on Babel, Jon Alterman speaks with Christoph Reuter of Der Spiegel magazine, an award winning journalist and conflict reporter. They talk about Captagon, criminal networks, and Syria's war economy. Later, Jon continues the conversation with Natasha Hall and Lubna Yousef, and they explore the intersection between criminal networks and war zones.