Max Bennett explains the evolution of intelligence from primitive worms to mammals with neocortex. He also discusses the challenges of AI safety and the risks associated with AI systems misunderstanding human intentions, with a focus on the paperclip problem and the evolution of mentalizing in early primates.
Understanding brain evolution aids in AI advancements by replicating key breakthroughs.
Mapping brain connections alone does not reveal its functionality; exploring mammalian brain evolution offers insights for AI.
Deep dives
The Complexity of the Brain
Understanding the brain has been a challenge due to its intricate design. With over 86 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections, the brain's complexity poses difficulties for researchers. Mapping the connections alone does not provide insights into how the brain functions. By exploring the evolution of brains in various animal species, scientists have gained new perspectives on intelligence.
Brain Evolution in Five Steps
Brain evolution unfolded in five significant breakthroughs, leading to the development of intellectual faculties. The first brain, designed for steering, emerged around 600 million years ago. This breakthrough allowed early creatures to navigate towards food and away from danger. Subsequent breakthroughs, such as the creation of the neocortex in early mammals, enabled advanced cognitive abilities like simulation and planning.
Challenges in AI Development
Artificial intelligence has excelled in specific tasks like chess but struggles with common sense reasoning. The missing link in AI progress lies in replicating the breakthroughs that occurred in mammalian and primate brain evolution. The neocortex, critical for simulating future scenarios and understanding the intentions of others, presents a challenge for AI systems. Incorporating insights from brain evolution, especially in mammals and primates, can guide the development of safer and more capable AI systems.