Weekend Edition: The Year That Was, and the Year That Will Be
Dec 20, 2024
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2024 has been a rollercoaster for the economy, showcasing surprising U.S. growth amidst global challenges. As markets soar with AI influences, concerns about Trump’s tariffs loom large. The discussion turns to rising inflation and its repercussions for central banks like the Reserve Bank of Australia. Predictions swirl about the bond market and fluctuating currencies, particularly the Aussie dollar. Strategies for navigating these uncertainties, especially around overvalued U.S. equities, formulating a defensive approach, close out the lively conversation.
The U.S. economy has significantly outperformed expectations for 2024, driven by strong profit margins and favorable credit conditions influencing growth and equities.
Tariff implementation under the new Trump administration poses risks for global trade dynamics and could lead to heightened economic volatility, particularly affecting relations with China.
Deep dives
U.S. Economic Resilience and Growth Outlook
The U.S. economy has shown significant resilience, surpassing initial growth forecasts for 2024. Consensus predictions have evolved from a meager 1% growth expectation to a more optimistic 2.7%, driven by strong profit margins and favorable credit conditions. The performance of U.S. equities, buoyed by a substantial wealth effect from rising markets, sets the groundwork for expectations of continued growth into 2025. However, concerns linger around expensive equity valuations, with the S&P 500's forward price-to-earnings ratio presently around 25.5, suggesting potential caution for investors.
Impact of Tariffs on Global Trade Dynamics
The impending implementation of tariffs under the new Trump administration raises crucial questions regarding U.S. trade policies and their implications for global economic relations. Analysts anticipate that tariffs will not merely serve as tools for negotiation but may also prioritize a strategic decoupling from China. Such developments could reinforce U.S. economic exceptionalism while putting pressure on global markets and supply chains. The need for careful monitoring of these tariff impacts is paramount as retaliatory measures from affected trade partners could exacerbate economic volatility.
Inflation Trends and Central Bank Policies
Inflation trends remain pivotal as central banks assess economic conditions heading into 2025. While inflation is generally expected to decrease, risks persist from potential tariff-induced price increases. Central banks' responses may shift depending on inflationary pressures, particularly the Fed's need to balance full employment with price stability. In Australia, underlying inflation remains moderately strong, with expectations for the Reserve Bank to begin rate cuts, albeit gradually, given the current cash rate levels.
China's Economic Challenges and Future Prospects
China's economic landscape faces significant challenges despite achieving its growth target for the year. The growth engine has been sputtering, with disappointing levels of domestic consumption and private sector investment contributing to sluggish recovery indicators. Policymakers are under pressure to sustain growth through more aggressive stimulus, but the effectiveness of these measures remains uncertain. With local government debts and housing market issues persisting, analysts predict that further action will be necessary to stabilize growth and support the Chinese economy moving forward.
It’s been a year of surprises. US exceptionalism has long been talked about, but this year it particularly exceptional, particularly in relation to the rest of the world. Growth has picked up, the dollar has strengthened, and the share market has repeatedly hit new highs, driven by Trump, tech and the AI revolution. So, what does 2025 have in store?
The entire NAB Morning Call team - Sally, Skye, Ray, Rodrigo, Gavin, Tapas, Taylor and Ken - join Phil to crystal ball gaze on 2025. Will Trump push ahead with his tariff threat? What will that mean for international trade? Will China manage to find the ways and means to stimulate its domestic economy and, it not, what’s the impact on the CNY and the Aussie dollar? Could the Aussie fall below 60 US cents next year?
They also discuss the path of central banks next year. Speculation has been rife this year about who will cut when and by how far. There’s no clear agreement on the neutral rate that each bank is striving for. Does that mean we’ll see smaller movement in bond market.
A myriad of questions tackled in this special 40-minute episode, the final Morning Call of 2024. We’re back on January 13th, by the way. Usual time.