Donatism, Fighting, Civil Coercion, and the Peace of the Church | Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P.
Oct 15, 2024
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Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P., a professor of patristics and ancient languages, delves into St. Augustine's views on Donatism and the implications of imperial persecution. He discusses the contrast between pride and humility, exploring how Augustine's teachings promote humility as a path to God. Hofer also examines the duality of Augustine's 'City of God,' contrasting the earthly city's chaos with the heavenly realm's peace. The conversation reveals how love and divine grace are essential for societal harmony, critiquing modern political ideologies that overlook these foundational principles.
Augustine's shift from advocating for persuasion to recognizing the role of imperial force in addressing Donatism reveals the complexity of faith and authority.
The distinction between the earthly city and the city of God underscores Augustine's belief that true happiness and peace are found only through divine grace.
Deep dives
Augustine's Retraction and Change of Mind
St. Augustine reflects on his earlier views regarding the use of imperial force against the Donatists, acknowledging a shift in perspective after the Edict of Unity in 405. Initially, he believed that faith should not be compelled by force, advocating for persuasion through argument and reason. However, he observed the effectiveness of imperial laws in converting his own city from Donatism to Catholicism, leading him to reconsider his stance. This change underscores Augustine's complex relationship with authority and his evolving understanding of the intersection between faith and power.
City of God: Context and Purpose
The work City of God was written amid the turmoil following the sack of Rome in 410, intended as a defense against pagan criticisms of Christianity. Augustine addresses his friend Marcellinus and emphasizes the struggle between the earthly city, focused on self-interest, and the heavenly city, which aspires for eternal peace and divine order. Through literary techniques such as comparison, Augustine presents the idea that while the earthly city seeks glory from humanity, the city of God finds its glory in God alone. This distinction articulates Augustine’s philosophical underpinning that true happiness and peace exist only in the divine.
Pride and Humility in Augustine's Thought
A prevailing theme in Augustine's teachings is the contrast between pride and humility, where he posits that pride is the root of sin and a barrier to achieving true happiness. He elaborates on how humility allows individuals to recognize their need for divine grace, which he considers crucial for understanding the scriptures and attaining eternal peace. The distinction between 'frui' (to enjoy) and 'uti' (to use) further illustrates how one should prioritize God in their love and not confuse the temporal pleasures of the world with ultimate fulfillment. Augustine believes that this understanding fosters a more profound connection with God and leads to a life of moral virtue.
The Ends of Two Cities
In Book 19 of City of God, Augustine discusses the ultimate ends of the two cities: the earthly city aligned with evil and violence, and the city of God, characterized by peace and everlasting life. He interweaves philosophical arguments, particularly referencing contemporaries such as Cicero and Varro, to challenge the belief that happiness can be attained through human effort alone. Augustine asserts that the eternal good is to live rightly by accepting God’s grace, which contrasts sharply with the suffering associated with sin. Through this dialogue, he encourages both believers and non-believers to seek peace through humility and fidelity to divine will.
Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P., (Ph.D. Notre Dame) is professor of patristics and ancient languages at the Pontifical Faculty of the Dominican House of Studies where he serves as the director of the doctoral program. He authored Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus (Oxford University Press, 2013) and The Power of Patristic Preaching: The Word in Our Flesh (Catholic University of America, 2023). He co-authored A Living Sacrifice: Guidance for Men Discerning Religious Life (Vianney Vocations, 2019). Editor-in-chief of the academic journal The Thomist, Hofer is editor or co-editor of several volumes including The Oxford Handbook of Deification, The Cambridge Companion to Augustine's Sermons, and Thomas Aquinas and the Greek Fathers. He enjoys speaking with students about their theological and spiritual questions.
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