What does the body of evidence say on lupus, the autoimmune disease that famously imitates so many other illnesses? Plus: a new study shows that Tylenol in pregnancy is not associated with neurodevelopmental problems, and Chris revisits the topic of red meat following a listener’s question.

A Block: Lupus

(0:57) How common lupus is; what may be causing it; what lupus looks like; how complicated its diagnosis is; what treatment options exist

B Block: Tylenol in Pregnancy

(34:27) Is Tylenol use in pregnancy really responsible for autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability? A new study says no.

C Block: Red Meat

(50:13) Are the harms of eating red meat regularly nowhere near as bad as we were told?

* Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl

* Assistant researcher: Aigul Zaripova

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References:

Lupus epidemiology:

1) https://www.lupuscanada.org/living-with-lupus/what-is-lupus/

2) https://doi.org/10.1177/096120339500400303

3) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00668-1

Causes of lupus:

4) DOI: 10.1002/art.22510 

5) DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_part_1-200506210-00004

6) https://doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e32833c6297

7) https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(90)70020-i

8) https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.084582

9) DOI: 10.1177/0961203306069346

What lupus looks like in a patient:

10) https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-lupus-erythematosus

11) https://dermnetnz.org/topics/discoid-lupus-erythematosus

12) doi: 10.2147/CCID.S269288 

13) https://dermnetnz.org/topics/raynaud-phenomenon

14) DOI: 10.1097/01.md.0000091181.93122.55 

15) DOI: 10.1002/art.39070 

How to manage lupus:

16) DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207726

17) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12784392/

18) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.025

19) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2017.02.005

20) DOI: 10.1191/096120398678919778

21) https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.101766

22) DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa035471

23) https://doi.org/10.1191/0961203305lu2039oa

24) DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010668.pub2 

25) DOI: 10.1002/art.27233

26) DOI: 10.1002/art.34359

27) DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000284

28) DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912196

29) https://ash.confex.com/ash/2023/webprogram/Paper180547.html

30) https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-02062-5

31) Study on Tylenol in pregnancy: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.3172