Judging Truth: Moral Intolerance or the Dictatorship of Relativism | Fr. Dominic Legge, O.P.
Nov 6, 2024
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Fr. Dominic Legge, a theologian and director at the Thomistic Institute, dives into the tension between moral judgments and societal perceptions. He critiques the stigma attached to judgment in academic circles while exploring St. Thomas Aquinas's insights on morality. With humor, he discusses moral culpability through a cookie mix-up, highlighting the nuances of intention. He further addresses the contradictions of relativism and the need for universal moral truths, emphasizing rational discourse as vital for authentic moral judgments.
Making valid judgments is essential for discerning moral truths, contrary to the contemporary belief that judgment is inherently immoral.
Relativism challenges absolute moral standards, yet its internal contradictions underscore the necessity of objective moral judgments in ethical discourse.
Deep dives
The Challenge of Being Judgmental
Contemporary culture, particularly on university campuses, often emphasizes a non-judgmental stance, reflecting a belief that being judgmental is a significant moral failing. This perception raises questions about the nature of judgment itself, suggesting that making any sort of judgment may be seen as vice. The understanding of judgment in this context needs to be examined critically, particularly distinguishing between making valid judgments based on observed actions and succumbing to rash judgments about others' intentions. It is essential to clarify that while being judgmental may be a vice, exercising judgment is inherent to rational human behavior and necessary for discerning moral truths.
Aquinas and the Nature of Judgment
St. Thomas Aquinas delineates two essential acts of the mind: simple apprehension, which involves recognizing the essence of things, and judgment, which connects and separates those things based on reality. This framework highlights that judgment is a fundamental aspect of rationality that allows individuals to make assertions about existence and moral standing, such as distinguishing between good and bad actions. Aquinas argues that effective judgment is crucial not only in everyday life but also in institutional contexts like law, where judgments are required to define community norms and enforce morality. These philosophical distinctions underline that making valid judgments is an intrinsic function of human cognition, essential for understanding the world around us.
Distinguishing Moral Judgments
Aquinas highlights the significance of separating objective moral evaluations of actions from subjective assessments of individuals. He warns against rash judgments that presume to understand a person's inner motives based solely on their observable behavior, stating that such judgments belong to God alone. Instead, Aquinas encourages a focus on judging actions themselves while maintaining a presumption of goodwill toward others. This framework supports the view that individuals can differentiate between the factual wrongness of an action and the moral culpability of the actor, suggesting that not all wrong actions imply the same level of moral failing.
Engaging with Relativism
Relativism, particularly prevalent in modern discourse, suggests that moral truths are culturally or historically contingent, leading to debates over the validity of absolute moral standards. Various forms of relativism present challenges to universal moral claims, positing that right and wrong are shaped by social norms or legal frameworks. However, this perspective falters on logical grounds, as it contains internal contradictions that undermine its credibility. A thoughtful examination reveals that even within the framework of relativism, individuals engage in moral assessments, emphasizing the irrepressible nature of moral judgment and the need for open discourse regarding truth and ethics.
Fr. Dominic Legge is the Director of the Thomistic Institute and Associate Professor in Systematic Theology at the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. He is an Ordinary Member of the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas, and holds a J.D. from Yale Law School, a Ph.L. from the School of Philosophy of the Catholic University of America, and a doctorate in Sacred Theology from the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. He entered the Order of Preachers in 2001, after having practiced constitutional law for several years as a trial attorney for the U.S. Department of Justice. He has also taught at The Catholic University of America Law School and at Providence College. He is the author of The Trinitarian Christology of St. Thomas Aquinas (Oxford University Press, 2017).
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