Kellie Carter Jackson, Michael and Denise Kellen ’68 Associate Professor at Wellesley College and author of *We Refuse: A Forceful History of Black Resistance*, dives into the rich tapestry of Black resistance strategies. She challenges the oversimplification of resistance to a nonviolent versus violent dichotomy, revealing the vital roles of Black women and diverse tactics, including joy and workplace actions. The discussion reflects on historical narratives' biases, particularly against Black contributions, and emphasizes that revolutions are ongoing journeys toward justice.
The book emphasizes the diverse strategies of Black resistance, advocating for a broader understanding beyond the violence versus nonviolence binary.
It highlights the significant yet overlooked contributions of Black women in resistance movements, illustrating their roles as essential leaders and strategists.
Deep dives
The Central Themes of Resistance
The book emphasizes that the history of Black resistance is vast and multi-faceted, going beyond the binary of violence versus nonviolence. It highlights that Black communities have employed various methods of resistance, including revolution, protection, force, flight, and joy, which are framed as remedies rather than cures. The author critiques the limiting perspectives that often dominate discussions around Black resistance, urging a broader understanding of the effective strategies employed by individuals throughout history. By doing so, the book aims to validate the diverse experiences of Black people in their ongoing struggle against oppression.
Reclaiming Women's Contributions
A significant focus of the book is on reclaiming the often-overlooked contributions of Black women in resistance movements. The author discusses how women's roles in history have been marginalized, despite their pivotal participation as strategists and leaders. By bringing these stories to the forefront, the book aims to highlight their integral involvement in the fight for justice and equality. Furthermore, it underscores the reality that when Black women rise, they do so not only for themselves but for their entire community, making their struggles and victories more significant on a broader scale.
Defining Joy Amidst Struggle
The book presents joy as a profound act of resilience intricately linked to grief and trauma rather than a mere fleeting happiness. It illustrates how joy can serve as a source of strength, reinforcing one’s humanity and dignity even in times of adversity. The author encourages embracing joy as a form of resistance, allowing it to provide solace and fortitude in the face of systemic oppression. By emphasizing the importance of joy, the author advocates for its recognition as an essential tool in the ongoing fight for justice and freedom.
Examining the Nature of Revolutions
The narrative discusses the complexities surrounding revolutions, stressing that they are not endpoints but rather beginnings requiring ongoing protection and nurturing. The author challenges the notion that past victories, such as the American Revolution or the Civil War, signify absolute success, asserting that these revolutions often fail to achieve true equity for marginalized groups. The overall message drives home the importance of recognizing that revolutions must be continually defended and that progress, particularly for Black communities, remains a work in progress. Through historical examples, the book illustrates that the fight for justice is an enduring process rather than a completed journey.
Black resistance to white supremacy is often reduced to a simple binary, between Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s nonviolence and Malcolm X’s “by any means necessary.” In We Refuse, historian Dr. Kellie Carter Jackson urges us to move past this false choice, offering an unflinching examination of the breadth of Black responses to white oppression, particularly those pioneered by Black women. The dismissal of “Black violence” as an illegitimate form of resistance is itself a manifestation of white supremacy, a distraction from the insidious, unrelenting violence of structural racism. Force—from work stoppages and property destruction to armed revolt—has played a pivotal part in securing freedom and justice for Black people since the days of the American and Haitian Revolutions. But violence is only one tool among many. Dr. Kellie Carter Jackson examines other, no less vital tactics that have shaped the Black struggle, from the restorative power of finding joy in the face of suffering to the quiet strength of simply walking away. Clear-eyed, impassioned, and ultimately hopeful, We Refuse offers a fundamental corrective to the historical record, a love letter to Black resilience, and a path toward liberation.
Our guest is: Dr. Kellie Carter Jackson, who is the Michael and Denise Kellen ’68 Associate Professor and Chair of Africana Studies at Wellesley College. Her book Force and Freedom was a finalist for the Frederick Douglass Book Prize and the Museum of African American History Stone Book Award. She is the cohost of the Radiotopia podcast “This Day in Esoteric Political History.” She lives outside of Boston with her husband and three children.
Our host is: Dr. Christina Gessler, the producer of the Academic Life podcast. She holds a PhD in history, which she uses to explore what stories we tell and what happens to those we never tell.
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