Psychedelics Without Hallucinations: A New Mental Health Treatment? with David E. Olson
Jan 11, 2024
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David E. Olson, founding director of the UC Davis Institute of Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics, discusses the potential of developing non-hallucinogenic psychedelics for mental health treatment. The podcast explores the therapeutic effects of psychedelics on neuropsychiatric diseases and the need for rapid and effective treatments. The development of novel compounds called cycloplastogens, which promote neuronal growth, is also discussed along with the accessibility of psychedelic therapies and clinical trials.
Research is being conducted to develop non-hallucinogenic psychedelics for the treatment of mental illnesses, offering safer and more accessible options.
Psychedelics like ketamine, LSD, and MDMA have rapid and sustained effects on structural plasticity, promoting the regrowth of damaged neural circuits.
Deep dives
Psychedelics as a Treatment Option for Mental Illness
Psychedelic drugs are being reconsidered as a potential treatment for depression and mental illnesses. Researchers are finding that substances like psychedelic mushrooms have shown promise in conjunction with therapy for treating depression, anxiety disorders, headache disorders, and substance use disorders. The Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics is exploring the use of compounds like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine, reverse engineering them to enhance their therapeutic potential. The goal is to create drugs that can provide the neurophysiological benefits of psychedelics without the hallucinogenic effects, making them safer and more accessible for addressing the global mental health epidemic.
Understanding the Mechanisms of Psychedelics
To understand the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics, researchers study their impact on the brain. Neural imaging reveals physical changes in the prefrontal cortex and other brain structures in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. When stressed, cortex neurons can atrophy, leading to impaired communication and mental conditions such as depression and anxiety. Traditional antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) promote the growth of cortical neurons, but slowly. Psychedelics like ketamine, LSD, and MDMA show rapid and sustained effects on structural plasticity, promoting the regrowth of damaged neural circuits. These cycloplastogens, or plasticity-promoting compounds, have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of mental illnesses.
Researchers are using medicinal chemistry to engineer new variants of psychedelic compounds that retain therapeutic efficacy without the subjective hallucinogenic effects. By modifying the structure of molecules like ibogaine, non-hallucinogenic and non-cardiotoxic analogs like TBG (tabernanthalog) have been developed, demonstrating antidepressant and anti-addictive effects. These non-hallucinogenic cycloplastigens could offer more scalable and accessible treatment alternatives, reaching a larger number of patients and expanding treatment options to those who cannot participate in psychedelic-assisted therapy. While microdosing, taking sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelics on a chronic intermittent basis, has gained popularity, its scientific evidence and dosing control remain limited.
The United States is facing a real mental health crisis. In the last few years, one possible treatment has gotten a lot of press: psychedelic drugs. But what is actually happening in a person’s brain when they take a psychedelic? Could understanding the biology and the chemistry allow us to make better and safer versions of these drugs—and maybe even create psychedelics without the hallucinations?
In this episode, we speak with Assoc. Prof. David E. Olson, founding director of the UC Davis Institute of Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics. Olson and his lab have been researching the therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs and how they could be used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety disorders and even addiction. His lab’s is researching how to develop non-hallucinogenic psychedelics, also called next-generation neurotherapeutics.