Big Brains

Few ideas have gripped the public imagination quite like the idea of the “psychopath.” From Hollywood thrillers to true-crime podcasts, popular culture has led us to believe that psychopaths are dangerous and biologically distinct from the rest of us. But what if almost everything we think we know about them is wrong?In this episode, we talk with Rasmus Rosenberg Larsen, an Assistant Professor of Forensic Epistemology at the University of Toronto and author of "Psychopathy Unmasked," whose research is challenging the very foundation of psychopathy as a diagnosis. Larsen explains how the term “psychopath” is relatively new, dating to the Ted Bundy trial in the 1970s, and how TVs and movies have skewed our understanding of the “psychopath.” He discusses psychopathy tests, their impact on the criminal justice system—and what the latest science reveals about the minds we’ve long misunderstood. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Nicole Rust, a neuroscientist at the University of Pennsylvania and author of Elusive Cures, dives deep into the complexities of brain disorders. She critiques the traditional views that have hampered progress, advocating for a model of the brain as a dynamic system rather than a simple machine. Topics such as the limitations of antidepressants, the pitfalls of pharmaceutical strategies, and the promise of new modeling techniques shed light on the future of effective brain treatments. Rust emphasizes a balanced approach, combining innovative models with pragmatic therapies for those in need.

Edwin Kite, a geophysical scientist at the University of Chicago, dives deep into Mars' intriguing past—revealing it was once a vibrant world with rivers and seas. He discusses how evidence of a lost carbon cycle hints at its climate transitions. The conversation shifts to the future, exploring ambitious terraforming ideas like greenhouse aerosols and the ethical dilemmas posed by such endeavors. Kite emphasizes the need for thorough research and exploration missions before humanity can truly consider making Mars livable again.

In this engaging discussion, Marc Berman, a University of Chicago psychologist and author of 'Nature and the Mind,' reveals how nature can transform our cognitive abilities and mental health. He introduces the concept of 'soft fascination,' explaining how walks in natural settings can replenish our attention and improve well-being. Berman also shares groundbreaking findings on biophilic design, emphasizing its necessity in urban environments. Discover how integrating greenery can enhance focus, reduce crime rates, and elevate overall mental health.

In this enlightening discussion, Greg Engel, a University of Chicago biophysicist and quantum biology pioneer, reveals how plants utilize quantum mechanics for photosynthesis. He explains the remarkable energy efficiency of this process and its potential to revolutionize medicine. Engel shares insights into the development of organic quantum sensors inspired by nature, which could transform disease detection and drug development. Additionally, he highlights the interdisciplinary collaboration needed to harness these findings for advancing both science and healthcare.

In this eye-opening discussion, scientist Matthew Campen from the University of New Mexico reveals shocking findings about microplastics invading human health. He highlights alarming evidence of microplastics found in placentas and brains, raising concerns about potential impacts on reproduction and cognitive functions. Campen explores links between these pollutants and issues like declining sperm counts and dementia, urging urgent action to address this emerging public health crisis. Prepare for a startling look at the unseen consequences of plastic in our lives.

Adam Alter, a business and psychology professor at NYU and author of Anatomy of a Breakthrough, unpacks the reasons we often feel stuck in life. He explores fascinating psychological barriers and offers practical strategies to overcome stagnation, emphasizing the importance of persistence and reflection. Through the lens of entities like Netflix, he illustrates how understanding friction can enhance personal growth. Alter also discusses creativity, encouraging listeners to collect and recombine ideas for innovative breakthroughs.

Bob Grossman, a faculty member at the University of Chicago specializing in AI for healthcare, joins Ben Zhao, a professor focused on securing AI rights for creatives, and Jens Ludwig, an economist tackling social issues with data. They dive into how AI is reshaping healthcare and the arts, discussing the need for safeguards against misuse. The conversation highlights the role of AI in addressing gun violence, emphasizing the importance of representative data for effective solutions. Ethical considerations and rapid advancements in AI take center stage, sparking an engaging dialogue.

In this insightful discussion, Jerry Avorn, a Harvard physician-researcher and author of 'Rethinking Medications,' uncovers the flaws in the FDA's drug approval processes, particularly the Accelerated Approval Program. He highlights how many medications are rushed to market without proven benefits, including ineffective cold and cancer treatments. Avorn critiques the reliance on surrogate measures for effectiveness, using the controversial Alzheimer’s drug Aduhelm as a key example. He also emphasizes the need for transparency in drug pricing and informed patient choices.

James Evans, a University of Chicago sociologist and data scientist, discusses the limitations of training AI to think like humans. He argues that this approach stifles scientific discovery and advocates for the creation of 'cognitive aliens'—AIs that think differently to unlock breakthroughs. Evans explores how expanding AI’s sensory capabilities can lead to new forms of innovation and emphasizes the need for a shift in AI development to overcome biases in research. He also addresses AI's paradoxical role in both hindering and enhancing scientific inquiry.