Big Brains

In this insightful discussion, Jerry Avorn, a Harvard physician-researcher and author of 'Rethinking Medications,' uncovers the flaws in the FDA's drug approval processes, particularly the Accelerated Approval Program. He highlights how many medications are rushed to market without proven benefits, including ineffective cold and cancer treatments. Avorn critiques the reliance on surrogate measures for effectiveness, using the controversial Alzheimer’s drug Aduhelm as a key example. He also emphasizes the need for transparency in drug pricing and informed patient choices.

James Evans, a University of Chicago sociologist and data scientist, discusses the limitations of training AI to think like humans. He argues that this approach stifles scientific discovery and advocates for the creation of 'cognitive aliens'—AIs that think differently to unlock breakthroughs. Evans explores how expanding AI’s sensory capabilities can lead to new forms of innovation and emphasizes the need for a shift in AI development to overcome biases in research. He also addresses AI's paradoxical role in both hindering and enhancing scientific inquiry.

When someone we know or love starts to develop psychological issues, we don't often associate it with a form of dementia. However, this trait is one of the most common signs of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) — the most common neurodegenerative disease in people under the age of 65. In his new book, Mysteries of the Social Brain: Understanding Human Behavior Through Science, Dr. Bruce Miller highlights his experiences observing people with FTD and what they have taught him about what he calls the "social brain."Dr. Bruce Miller has been observing people with FTD for decades in the Memory and Aging Center at the University of San Francisco, where he is also Professor of Neurology and the Founding Director of the Global Brain Health Institute. He shares key insights on how to keep our "social brain" healthy and how it can even unlock our creative potential.

Jacob Bean, an astrophysicist from the University of Chicago, is on the frontlines of the quest for extraterrestrial life. He discusses the groundbreaking detection of carbon dioxide on a distant exoplanet, a pivotal moment for astrophysics! Bean explores potentially habitable worlds like K2-18b and debunks false hopes like Gliese 486b. He reflects on the significance of atmospheric analysis in identifying biosignatures and ponders humanity's shared fragility in the vast cosmos, sparking thoughts about our place in the universe.

Jens Ludwig, a Professor at the University of Chicago and director of the crime lab, dives into the complex world of gun violence. He argues that most shootings stem from impulsive arguments rather than premeditated plans. Ludwig explores stark differences in gun violence rates between similar neighborhoods, attributing these disparities to emotional triggers. He advocates for innovative, data-backed interventions like the 'Becoming a Man' initiative, emphasizing community engagement and youth empowerment as crucial steps toward a solution.

Dalton Conley, a Princeton University sociologist and author of "The Social Genome," discusses the fascinating intersection of DNA and societal outcomes. He reveals how polygenic scores could predict not just physical traits, but also socioeconomic success, relationships, and even your future spouse. Conley dives into the controversial idea of genetic sorting that influences social interactions and raises urgent questions about potential inequalities. He explores the ethical implications of genetic data in areas like dating, healthcare, and education, questioning our trajectory toward a genetically determined future.

Mary Frances O'Connor, a Professor of Psychology at the University of Arizona, offers compelling insights into how grief affects both the mind and body. She discusses the startling link between profound loss and serious health risks, including heart attacks and immune system issues. O'Connor argues for a shift in how society and healthcare view grief, advocating for grief as a medical concern that requires careful attention. Drawing from personal experience, she highlights the need for better support systems and coping strategies for those navigating the complex terrain of loss.

Ariel Kalil, a developmental psychologist and professor at the University of Chicago, dives into the pressing educational challenges facing American children. She highlights the widening achievement gap between socio-economic groups and stresses the critical role of parental engagement in nurturing childhood development. Kalil shares fascinating insights into how simple interventions, like just 15 minutes of reading a day, can make a significant difference. She also explores how AI and behavioral economics could offer innovative solutions to support parents navigating rising inequality.

Join Susana Monsó, an Associate Professor at UNED Madrid and author of "Playing Possum: How Animals Understand Death," as she delves into the intriguing question of whether animals comprehend death. The discussion ranges from grieving elephants to ants that remove corpses, revealing complex animal behaviors related to mortality. Monsó shares insights on how pets like dogs react to the loss of their owners and explores the philosophical implications of animal consciousness. Can animals truly grasp their own mortality? This conversation will challenge your perception.

Dr. Adam Ratner, Director of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at NYU and author of "Booster Shots," delves into the alarming resurgence of measles in the U.S. He discusses the dramatic decline in vaccination rates following the COVID pandemic and the rise of vaccine hesitancy. Ratner explains why measles is one of the most contagious diseases, its historical significance, and the crucial role vaccines play in public health. The conversation underscores the urgent need to combat misinformation and rebuild trust in vaccinations to protect children's health.