
The Trivium China Podcast Ep 51 - Reordering global supply chains: licenses, leverage, and our strategic look-ahead
Dec 19, 2025
Cory Combs, Head of Critical Mineral and Supply Chain Research at Trivium China, dives into the complexities of global supply chains and rare earths. He explains China's general licenses for exports and their impact on international trade. The discussion highlights the U.S. push for diversification in critical minerals and the challenges faced, including reliance on specific countries for processing. Combs also introduces the Pax Silica initiative and shares insights on how both China and the world are adapting to these changes, suggesting that better de-risking could enhance stability in U.S.-China relations.
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Targeted General Licenses Reduce Friction
- China has issued general export licenses for certain rare-earth magnet producers, speeding exports for approved end uses.
- Licenses target specific industries like autos while restricting aerospace and dual-use customers.
Control Lies With Chinese Exporters
- China's general-license approach controls the exporter, not the foreign end user, delegating vetting to trusted local firms.
- That lets Beijing streamline approvals while retaining enforcement power over Chinese producers.
Dual‑Use Shipments Remain Blocked
- General licenses do not enable shipments to military or dual-use end users and remain restrictive on sensitive aerospace buyers.
- The mechanism reduces inefficiency but still preserves strategic safeguards.
