World-renowned philosopher Michael Sandel discusses the concept of meritocracy and its role in creating deep polarization in society. He explores the dark side of meritocracy, the pitfalls of technocratic governance, the damaging consequences of prioritizing capital efficiency, the unraveling moral fabric of community, and the toxic influence of meritocracy on our culture.
The concept of meritocracy has led to widening inequalities and shaped attitudes towards success, contributing to societal divisions and the rise of populist backlash against elites.
The emphasis on higher education and technocratic expertise as solutions to inequality perpetuates a sense of inequality and resentment, and there is a need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse and restore civic engagement.
Deep dives
The Tyranny of Merit: The Politics of Polarization
The podcast explores the concept of the tyranny of merit and its connection to the polarized political landscape of recent decades. It argues that it is not only merit but also the neoclassical and neoliberal framework for understanding economic cause and effect that tyrannizes us. This framework has led to widening inequalities of income and wealth and has shaped the changing attitudes towards success. The podcast highlights the corrosive effects of meritocracy on the common good, the hubris among winners, and the humiliation experienced by those who are left behind. It also explores how this dynamic has contributed to the populist backlash against elites around the world.
The Moral Implications of Meritocracy
The podcast discusses the harsh attitude towards success that arises from the ideal of meritocracy, where winners are perceived to deserve their success. It argues that this attitude exacerbates social divisions and leads to the alienation of those who are left behind. The podcast emphasizes that the assumption that money is the measure of one's contribution to the common good is flawed and that the value of different contributions cannot be accurately measured by the market. It also highlights how this meritocratic ideal fuels hubris and resentment, contributing to the rise of right-wing populism and the erosion of trust in center-left parties.
The Repercussions of Credentialism and Technocracy
The podcast critiques the emphasis on higher education and technocratic expertise as solutions to inequality and economic issues. It argues that this approach insults and discredits those without a university degree, perpetuating a sense of inequality and resentment. The podcast highlights the need to move beyond the focus solely on economic policies and address the changing terms of social recognition and esteem that contribute to the polarization in society. It advocates for the renewal of the dignity of work and the creation of class-mixing institutions to foster shared democratic citizenship and promote deliberation on moral and civic questions.
The Democracy Deficit and the Importance of Public Discourse
The podcast emphasizes the need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse and restore civic engagement. It warns against the dangers of market thinking and technocratic governance, which erode public discourse, moral reasoning, and the sense of shared civic life. It argues that markets are not neutral instruments for deciding questions of justice and the common good and highlights the need to engage in robust moral and democratic debates. The podcast also suggests class-mixing institutions that bring people from different backgrounds together in common spaces to foster understanding, negotiate differences, and promote a renewed sense of citizenship.
In this wide-ranging conversation with one of our favorite authors, philosopher Michael Sandel explains how the concept of meritocracy has helped to create such a massive divide in American politics and culture.
Michael Sandel is a world-renowned philosopher who teaches political philosophy at Harvard University. His course “Justice” is the first Harvard course to be made freely available online and has been viewed by tens of millions of people around the world. Sandel’s books relate enduring themes of political philosophy to the most vexing moral and civic questions of our time. They include The Tyranny of Merit (2020), Democracy’s Discontent (2022), and more.