What future for aid and development? With Minouche Shafik
Feb 27, 2025
auto_awesome
Minouche Shafik, an accomplished economist and member of the House of Lords, shares her insights on the shifting landscape of international aid. She discusses the UK's recent budget cuts and the potential decline of generous health and education initiatives. The conversation highlights the rise of authoritarian powers like China in the aid sector and the need for quality over quantity in foreign assistance. Shafik also emphasizes the importance of long-term policy vision, especially in addressing challenges in global health and demographics.
Significant reductions in aid budgets among wealthy nations reveal a troubling shift towards prioritizing domestic issues over international assistance.
The rise of emerging powers like China is transforming the aid landscape by linking assistance to commercial interests, raising ethical concerns about sustainability.
Deep dives
The Shift in Global Aid Dynamics
The podcast emphasizes the recent decline in aid budgets, particularly following significant changes in U.S. foreign policy, such as the suspension of foreign aid under the Trump administration. This shift has contributed to a wider trend among wealthy nations, where traditional aid budgets have been reduced in favor of domestic priorities, leaving low-income countries vulnerable. Concurrently, new financial flows have emerged from rising powers like China and India, changing the landscape of global aid and development. It raises important questions regarding the future structure and effectiveness of international aid amidst these geopolitical changes.
Evolving Perceptions of Aid
Changing public perceptions about aid have led to increasing cynicism and concerns about efficiency, which was not prevalent two decades ago. This has resulted in a climate where domestic issues are prioritized over international assistance, affecting legislative support for aid budgets. The folding of the UK's Department for International Development into the Foreign Office is highlighted as a significant change that has diminished the UK's international credibility in aid. This growing skepticism toward aid requires a reevaluation of its purpose and the outcomes it generates for recipient countries.
Quality Over Quantity in Aid Initiatives
A critical discussion points to the need to focus more on the quality of aid rather than merely the volume of financial assistance provided to developing countries. There's a concern that some countries are redefining aid to include military expenditures or refugee costs, thereby diluting the effectiveness of traditional aid metrics. This trend emphasizes that development assistance should prioritize local capacity-building and effectiveness in achieving positive outcomes. Furthermore, the merging of aid with political agendas compromises its altruistic goals, shifting emphasis toward self-interest rather than genuine support for development.
The Role of Emerging Powers and Changing Aid Approaches
The podcast concludes with an analysis of how emerging powers, particularly China, are reshaping the global aid landscape through different modalities. Unlike traditional Western donors, new players often link aid to commercial interests and infrastructure projects, which can yield immediate, tangible benefits. While this approach has its advantages, it raises ethical questions regarding long-term sustainability and the intended beneficiaries of such investments. The discussion underscores the complexity of modern aid dynamics and the need for collaboration to address global challenges, including humanitarian crises, climate change, and migration.
US President Donald Trump has frozen all foreign aid payments, while Elon Musk is putting America’s biggest development agency, USAID, “through the woodchipper”. Meanwhile, the UK government has just announced it will slash its aid budget from 0.5% to 0.3% of GDP. So are the days of generous programmes to promote health and education in the poorest nations now over? And should we fear that rising authoritarian powers, most notably China, are stepping into the breach with their own funds and parallel institutions? In an interview recorded just before the UK’s announcement, Alan Beattie speaks to economist Minouche Shafik, who is a veteran of the international development scene. She has worked at the World Bank, IMF, and the UK’s Department for International Development. And she is not optimistic.
Alan writes the Trade Secrets newsletter. You can sign up here. He is on Bluesky at @alanbeattie.bsky.social.
Presented by Alan Beattie. Produced by Laurence Knight. Manuela Saragosa is the executive producer. Audio mix and original music by Breen Turner. The FT’s head of audio is Cheryl Brumley.