135. Helena: Queen of the World and Finder of the One True Cross
Mar 28, 2024
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In this fascinating discussion, Peter Sarris, a Professor at the University of Cambridge specializing in Late Antiquity, sheds light on the remarkable life of St. Helena. Born into poverty, she ascended to power as the mother of Emperor Constantine and played a crucial role in the Christianization of the Roman Empire. They explore her legendary discovery of the true cross, the shifting social status of women in ancient Rome, and the impact of her legacy on Christian pilgrimage. The complexities of her relationships and the tumult of her family further enrich her extraordinary story.
Helena's improbable rise from poverty to Empress and influential Christian figure.
Insight into societal beliefs and challenges faced by women during Helena's time.
Helena's pilgrimage and discovery of the True Cross solidified Christian Roman Empire.
Deep dives
Introduction to Helena and Constantine
Helena, also known as Helena Augusta or Helena of Constantinople, is the mother of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Revered as a saint in both Eastern Orthodox and Western Christian tradition, she is introduced as a lesser-known historical figure compared to Napoleon's associations with Saint Helena. At the outset, the lineage and historical context surrounding Helena and her son, Constantine, are illuminated.
Helena's Early Life and Circumstances
Helena is described as coming from a humble and possibly low-status background, noted as the daughter of an innkeeper or a stable worker. Speculations on her early life, with references to her potentially being labeled as ignoble or indecent, shed light on the societal status and challenges faced by women of her time. The podcast delves into the social status of women during Helena's era, showcasing prevalent societal beliefs regarding gender and inherent superiority.
Constantine's Rise to Power and Helena's Influence
The narrative progresses to Helena's relationship with Constantine's father, Constantius, who rises through the Roman ranks to become Emperor in the West. Constantius' ascension to power and subsequent actions, including setting aside Helena in favor of a higher-status marriage, mark a turning point in Helena's life. The trajectory of Constantine's career, his succession to the throne, and the impact of familial ties on Roman imperial dynamics.
Helena's Pilgrimage and Contributions
Helena embarks on a significant journey to the Holy Land, visiting Jerusalem, Antioch, Bethlehem, and other major Eastern cities. Her pilgrimage is emphasized as a formative event, with interpretations varying between a political gesture to bolster the regime's credibility and a spiritual quest. Helena's alleged discovery of the True Cross and the subsequent construction of churches mark her pivotal involvement in shaping early Christian infrastructure.
Legacy and Impact of Helena's Life
Helena's legacy is framed as instrumental in solidifying the Christian Roman Empire, with her role posthumously immortalized as foundational to the Constantinean dynasty. Key aspects of her influence, such as the patronage of churches, the reinforcement of religious sites, and her portrayal as the epitome of Christian virtue and imperial motherhood, cement her enduring significance in historical and religious narratives.
Born in poverty at a time when the Roman Empire was in danger of cracking up and disintegrating, Helena was set for a life of obscurity as a stable hand, bar maid, and, according to some, a prostitute. Yet, in the most improbable tale she rose through the social hierarchy to be proclaimed Empress, then later canonised, and declared by some as queen of the world. Not only was she mother and most trusted advisor to the Emperor Constantine, but she played a pivotal role in the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity. Whilst on pilgrimage in the Middle-East she was said to have discovered the one true cross and helped to set a template for Christian pilgrimages that would last for centuries. Listen as William and Anita are joined by Peter Sarris to discuss St Helena and her unprecedented rise through Roman society to the position of supreme power.
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