Exploring early Chinese history through ancient sources like inscriptions on bones and silk, new discoveries shedding light on the past. Delving into the challenges of interpreting historical records, moral evaluations, and cultural perceptions. Analyzing writing techniques, biases faced by historians, and the importance of history in Chinese culture.
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Quick takeaways
Discovery of sealed Chinese manuscripts in Gobi Desert challenged historical knowledge.
Transition from oracle bone to bronze inscriptions showed evolution of historical recording in China.
Deep dives
Discovery of Sealed Chamber in the Gobi Desert
In 1900, a Taoist monk discovered a sealed chamber in northwest China, untouched for over 900 years. Inside were thousands of previously unknown Chinese manuscripts, challenging previous historical understandings.
Earliest Chinese Records - Oracle Bone Inscriptions
The earliest known Chinese records with historiographical value are the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang dynasty, dating back to around 1200 BC. These inscriptions were divination records where questions were posed to royal ancestors, offering insights into daily events and guidance.
Transition to Bronze Inscriptions
From about 1050 BC, the Chinese transitioned to inscribing bronze vessels with historical information, mainly done by the Zhou people. These inscriptions detailed land transactions, military campaigns, and marked the first inklings of historical judgment and opinions.
Historical Sources and Objectivity
Early Chinese historical records offer factual information tied to specific times and places, aiding in interpreting and extrapolating historical events. While useful, these records also reflect biases as they were primarily composed under the patronage of rulers, limiting dissenting perspectives.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the sources for early Chinese history. The first attempts to make a record of historical events in China date from the Shang dynasty of the second millennium BC. The earliest surviving records were inscribed on bones or tortoise shells; in later centuries, chroniclers left detailed accounts on paper or silk. In the last hundred years, archaeologists have discovered a wealth of new materials, including a cache of previously unknown texts which were found in a sealed cave on the edge of the Gobi Desert. Such sources are are shedding new light on Chinese history, although interpreting ancient sources from the period before the invention of printing presents a number of challenges.
With:
Roel Sterckx
Joseph Needham Professor of Chinese History at the University of Cambridge
Tim Barrett
Professor of East Asian History at SOAS, University of London
Hilde de Weerdt
Professor of Chinese History at Leiden University
Producer: Thomas Morris.
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