Expert Paula Fredriksen discusses the origins of Christianity and Judaism, including the distinctions during the Second Temple Period. She explores the historical context of temples, sects like Pharisees and Sadducees, and the influence of Roman rule. The conversation delves into the Messiahship of Jesus, Paul's mission among the Gentiles, witnesses to Jesus, and the evolution of Christian identity. Also, it touches on transcending ethnic boundaries in religious beliefs and Paul's unique message to non-Jewish Greeks.