Neurology Exam Prep Podcast Episode 12 - MS Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
May 9, 2020
Dr. Erin Longbrake, an assistant professor in neuromunology, dives deep into the complexities of multiple sclerosis. She sheds light on how T cells and gray matter damage play crucial roles in the disease's pathology. The conversation also covers the significant influence of genetic and environmental factors, including lifestyle and infections. Additionally, Dr. Longbrake discusses critical diagnostic methods, from imaging techniques to lumbar punctures, and addresses common misconceptions about MS, providing clarity on this often-misunderstood condition.
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MS Affects Gray and White Matter
- MS affects both white and gray matter, contrary to old textbooks stating it only affects white matter.
- Gray matter lesions correlate better with generalized symptoms like cognitive problems than white matter lesions.
Early Axon Damage and Variability
- Axon damage in MS likely occurs early, with damage not localized to a specific region.
- Individual variability exists with some showing more gray matter damage explaining cognitive disability despite normal MRI.
MS Demographics and Geography
- MS usually presents between ages 15 and 45 and predominantly affects women and Caucasians.
- MS prevalence increases with distance from the equator, being rare in equatorial regions.