Experts in falls prevention, Karin E. Ouchida and Cathleen Colon-Emeric, discuss risk assessment and prevention of falls in older adults. They emphasize the importance of annually screening older adults for fall risk, gait speed tests, exercise interventions, balance training, and a comprehensive approach to prevent falls in this demographic.
Regular screening for fall risk in older adults using simple questions like 'Have you had any falls in the last year?' is essential for early detection.
Exercise interventions focusing on leg strength and balance, along with multifactorial approaches targeting individual risk factors, are effective in reducing falls in older adults.
Deep dives
Screening for Fall Risk in Older Adults
Screening for fall risk in older adults involves annual assessments for all individuals aged 60 or older, with a focus on adults aged 65 and above. Asking simple questions like 'Have you had any falls in the last year?' and inquiring about unsteadiness and worries about falling can aid in early detection. Clinical examinations, including gait speed tests, help predict fall risk, with a gait speed less than 0.8 meters per second indicating a higher risk.
Interventions for Fall Prevention
Exercise interventions targeting leg strength and balance, such as functional exercises and Tai Chi, are effective in reducing falls in older adults. Multifactorial interventions address individual risk factors like medication review and environmental modifications. Referral to physical therapy and engaging in balance and resistance training exercises are recommended to decrease fall risk.
Sustaining Exercise and Lifestyle Changes
Maintaining an active lifestyle with a minimum of 30 minutes of exercise at least five days a week is crucial for fall prevention. Continuous engagement in leg strength and balance exercises is essential as stopping exercise can lead to loss of benefits. A balanced exercise program combining cardiovascular activities with strength training is emphasized to prevent serious falls resulting in severe injuries like hip fractures or head trauma.
Falls are common in adults older than 65 years and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses risk assessment and prevention of falls in older adults with Karin E. Ouchida, MD, of Weill-Cornell Medical University, and author Cathleen Colon-Emeric, MD, of Duke University. Related Content: