Divine Simplicity and Divine Freedom | Prof. W. Matthews Grant
Aug 6, 2024
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W. Matthews Grant, Professor and Chair of Philosophy at the University of St. Thomas, dives deep into the intricate relationship between divine simplicity and freedom. He discusses how God can create freely and explores the concept of possible worlds, showcasing alternative realities God might have chosen. The dialogue takes a philosophical turn as Grant examines Aquinas's insights on divine nature and the implications for God's creative will. He also critiques interpretations of divine identity and the active vs. passive creation debate, offering fresh perspectives on these timeless theological discussions.
The launch of a digital learning platform aims to enhance accessibility to St. Thomas Aquinas' teachings through interactive and customizable formats.
The discussion explores the compatibility of divine simplicity and freedom, challenging traditional views on the nature of God's creative actions.
Deep dives
Aquinas 101 Digital Platform
A new digital learning platform focused on St. Thomas Aquinas is being launched, featuring customizable learning environments and certificates of achievement. This platform aims to make Aquinas' teachings more accessible and engaging through interactive elements and a redesigned digital version of his seminal work, the Summa Theologiae. The initiative emphasizes the project's goal of promoting the Catholic intellectual tradition within educational settings. Those interested can sign up to receive notifications about the platform's launch.
Divine Freedom vs. Divine Simplicity
Traditional Christian teachings maintain that God created the universe freely, not out of necessity, meaning God could have chosen different outcomes or refrained from creating at all. This aligns with the First Vatican Council's rejection of the idea that God's actions are bound by necessity. St. Thomas Aquinas supports this notion by asserting that God's divine power encompasses all possible states of affairs that are logically consistent. Therefore, the question arises regarding whether the concept of divine simplicity, which posits that God has no parts or accidents, can coexist with the belief in divine freedom.
Conflict of Modal Collapse Argument
The modal collapse argument suggests that if God's act of creation is identical to His nature, then God's act necessarily exists, which contradicts the idea of divine freedom. This argument poses a challenge particularly when trying to affirm both divine simplicity and the freedom to choose alternative creative acts. To address this, one option is to reject premises that lead to the conclusion of the modal collapse argument, specifically those that suggest God’s identity is contingent upon His acts of creation. This analysis encourages a deeper exploration into the relationships between God’s essence and His creative actions.
Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Divine Activity
The discussion reveals contrasting perspectives on whether God's creative actions are intrinsic or extrinsic to His divine nature. The identity approach posits that God's actions are identical to His essence, while the extrinsic approach maintains that actions relate to creatures and depend on their existence. This latter viewpoint is supported by Aquinas' notion of creation, which encompasses both God's essence and the dependency of the created effects. Ultimately, this distinction allows for a more nuanced understanding of divine freedom and the impact of God's actions in different possible worlds.
Professor W. Matthews Grant examines the tension between divine simplicity and divine freedom in Christian theology, particularly in the context of God's act of creation. He presents and analyzes arguments that suggest divine simplicity might preclude God's ability to create freely, including the modal collapse argument. Grant then explores various approaches to resolving this conflict, with a focus on the "identity approach" and its potential drawbacks.
This lecture was given on June 1st, 2024, at Mount Saint Mary College.
W. Matthews Grant is Professor and Chair in the Department of Philosophy at University of St. Thomas (MN), and Associate Editor of the American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. His articles have focused on Aquinas and the Philosophy of God, particularly issues having to do with the divine nature and God’s relationship to human freedom.
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