School of War Ep 224: Barry Strauss on Ancient Rome’s Wars with Israel
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Aug 22, 2025 
Barry Strauss, an expert on ancient Rome and author of Jews vs. Rome, dives deep into the tumultuous relationship between Ancient Rome and its Jewish subjects. He discusses the significant Jewish revolts and strategic warfare tactics that emerged in response to Roman governance. Strauss highlights Herod's complex reign, showcasing his alliances and architectural feats, while also drawing parallels between ancient conflicts and modern geopolitics. They explore the cultural dynamics within Judea and the enduring implications of these historical struggles.
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Two Empires Framing Judea
- Rome and Parthia were the two dominant Near Eastern empires competing across the Euphrates frontier.
- Romans pursued Parthia for ideological prestige, wealth, and control of lucrative trade routes.
Judea As A Temple State
- Judea won independence from the Seleucids via the Maccabean uprising and became a temple-centered state.
- Rome later turned Judea into a client dependency after Pompey intervened in 63 BC.
Religious Fragmentation And Power
- Three pillars of Judaism then were the temple, the Torah, and belief in God, with sharp internal divisions among sects.
- Priests dominated the temple while Pharisees and Essenes represented competing religious movements.
