The enlightenment and its alternatives | John Mearsheimer, Steven Pinker
Mar 19, 2024
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Debate between Mearsheimer and Pinker on Enlightenment ideals and moral progress. Impact of reason, individualism, and tribalism on society. Challenges of state violence, multiculturalism, and minority rights. Liberalism's role in managing disagreements for progress. Quest for human flourishing and balancing individualism in a global context.
Enlightenment ideals have made significant progress in life expectancy, poverty reduction, literacy, and peaceful democracies.
Unfettered reason leads to disagreements on moral issues, challenging the notion of Enlightenment progress.
Deep dives
Debate on the Enlightenment and Its Alternatives
In this debate, John Mearsheimer and Stephen Pinker question the success of the Enlightenment in bringing moral progress. They deliberate on whether the Enlightenment ideals of rationality and reason have truly advanced human flourishing and moral values, also pondering on viable alternatives to the Enlightenment vision.
Enlightenment Values and Human Flourishing
Stephen Pinker defines Enlightenment values as the use of reason to enhance human flourishing, including aspects like life, health, prosperity, freedom, and knowledge. He contrasts the progress achieved in life expectancy, child mortality, poverty reduction, abolition of torture and slavery, literacy, education, and peaceful democracies in the last 250 years, attributing these advancements to Enlightenment ideals.
Disagreement and Progress
John Mearsheimer argues that unfettered reason does not lead to consensus on first principles, causing significant disagreements among individuals. He challenges the notion of Enlightenment progress by highlighting persistent disagreements on moral and political issues, emphasizing the societal challenges posed by tribalism and the inherent social nature of human beings.
Liberalism and Progress
Stephen Pinker and John Mearsheimer discuss the role of liberalism in managing diverse viewpoints and promoting individual rights within a society. Pinker emphasizes the importance of liberal values in advocating for human flourishing and enhancing progress, while Mearsheimer raises concerns about nationalism, tribalism, and geopolitical competition influencing global consensus on moral and political principles.
The Enlightenment advocated reason, science, democracy, and universal human rights as a grounding for human morality and social organization. In the quarter millennium since, to what extent have these ideals been realized? Has the Enlightenment in fact been successful in bringing about moral progress? Are there viable alternatives to the Enlightenment vision?
Sophie Scott-Brown, Director at Gresham College, hosts a debate between two of the most influential thinkers of our time. Join John Mearsheimer, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, and Steven Pinker, Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, as they discuss the Enlightenment and its alternatives.