Discussion on the forced eviction of Highlanders and Islanders in the 18th and 19th centuries, the impact of the Napoleonic Wars, resistance and protests during the Clearances, the forgotten experience of lowland clearances, and the ongoing legacy on Scottish culture and national life.
Read more
AI Summary
AI Chapters
Episode notes
auto_awesome
Podcast summary created with Snipd AI
Quick takeaways
The Highland clearances in the 18th and 19th centuries displaced people to make way for sheep farming and other industries, leading to forced evictions and emigration.
The ancient clan system in the Highlands relied on land allocation and loyalty, tying the clansmen to the chief and creating a strong sense of duty and protection.
Deep dives
The Highland clearances: A notorious episode in British history
The Highland clearances, following the failed Jacobite rebellion of 1745, were a notorious episode in British history. Landlords in the Highlands and western islands of Scotland cleared their estates, displacing people to make way for sheep farming or other industries. The process began in the 1760s and intensified in the 1840s and 1850s due to factors such as the potato blight. The clearances resulted in forced evictions, emigration to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, leaving deep feelings of betrayal among the population.
The Clan System: Loyalties and land allocation
The Highland clearances were tied to the ancient clan system, a social structure that developed in the Middle Ages. The system relied on the loyalty of clansmen to the clan elites, who provided protection in return for service and rental. Land allocation played a crucial role in binding the clansmen to the chief, as land scarcity threatened their survival. The clan system gradually declined in the rest of Scotland, but survived in the Highlands due to limited state control. The relationship between the clans and the land was deeply connected to notions of duty and protection.
The Landlords' Strategy: Moving people to the coast
During the initial phase of the clearances, landlords aimed to sustain their estates by moving tenants to coastal areas for fishing, kelp farming, and other employment opportunities. Despite efforts to keep people on the estates, economic challenges arose, leading to eviction or relocation. The Napoleonic Wars had an impact on the economy, as artificial markets sustained industries like kelp farming. However, as these industries declined, landlords faced economic strain, and the demographic shift and rising population further complicated the situation.
Resistance, Betrayal, and Notorious Moments
Resistance to the clearances and moments of notoriety played significant roles during this period. Some clearances incidents became notorious due to witnesses and firsthand accounts. Infamous examples, like the clearance of townships in Skye in the 1850s, were witnessed by geologists and led to a deep sense of betrayal among the population. Instances of resistance by tenants and clashes with authorities highlighted the tensions and injustices. Some landlords faced legal trials for their eviction methods, bringing attention to the issue.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss how and why Highlanders and Islanders were cleared from their homes in waves in C18th and C19th, following the break up of the Clans after the Battle of Culloden. Initially, landlords tried to keep people on their estates for money-making schemes, but the end of the Napoleonic Wars brought convulsive changes. Some of the evictions were notorious, with the sudden and fatal burning of townships, to make way for sheep and deer farming. For many, migration brought a new start elsewhere in Britain or in the British colonies, while for some it meant death from disease while in transit. After more than a century of upheaval, the Clearances left an indelible mark on the people and landscape of the Highlands and Western Isles.
The image above is a detail from a print of 'Lochaber No More' by John Watson Nicol 1856-1926
With
Sir Tom Devine
Professor Emeritus of Scottish History at the University of Edinburgh
Marjory Harper
Professor of History at the University of Aberdeen and Visiting Professor at the University of the Highlands and Islands
And
Murray Pittock
Bradley Professor of English Literature and Pro Vice Principal at the University of Glasgow
Producer: Simon Tillotson.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode