

The Ordinary Stuff Behind Technological Breakthroughs
Sep 18, 2025
Ed Conway, an economics journalist and author of 'Material World,' dives into the impactful role of materials in advancing civilization. He reveals how glass drove scientific breakthroughs, linking Renaissance art to modern technology. Iron and coal's transformation led to the steam engine's rise, but today's steel production poses significant CO2 challenges. Meanwhile, copper is crucial for electrification yet faces scarcity and environmental hurdles. Conway emphasizes the trade-offs of materials, highlighting our past's influence on the future.
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Materials Power Technology
- Technology advances depend as much on materials as on ideas and algorithms.
- Combining ideas with core materials like copper, glass, and steel enabled modern civilization.
Murano's Glass Trade Secret
- Venetian glassmakers on Murano developed clear glass using quartz from nearby rivers and kept the techniques secret.
- They forbade glassmakers from leaving to protect their competitive advantage.
Glass Enabled Artistic Breakthroughs
- High-quality lenses enabled artists to use camera obscura techniques and learn perspective.
- Glassmaking hubs coincided with artistic and scientific leaps in the Renaissance.