BRICS in Focus: A Conversation with Dr. Mihaela Papa
Jan 31, 2025
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Dr. Mihaela Papa, a BRICS expert from MIT, dives into the evolving dynamics of the BRICS coalition. She discusses its significance in promoting a multipolar world and the surge of interest from Global South countries. China's leadership role is emphasized, particularly in trade and AI innovation. The conversation also highlights BRICS' de-dollarization efforts and the complexities tied to U.S. relations amidst shifting political landscapes. With her extensive background, Dr. Papa sheds light on how BRICS could reshape global governance.
BRICS serves as a hybrid platform for emerging nations, enabling collaboration to tackle pressing global challenges like climate change and food security.
China utilizes its leadership role within BRICS to advance its strategic objectives, particularly in promoting de-dollarization and innovation cooperation among member states.
Deep dives
The Core Objectives of BRICS
BRICS seeks to reshape global governance and economic frameworks to create a more democratic multipolar world. The organization serves as a platform for emerging powers like China, facilitating collaboration to tackle pressing global challenges such as climate change and food security. Unlike traditional international institutions, BRICS operates as a hybrid entity that combines elements from both formal organizations and informal coalitions, allowing for innovative approaches to international relations. The group's 2009 declaration outlines its commitment to enhancing international cooperation among developing nations while promoting the interests of emerging markets.
Factors Driving BRICS Expansion
The rapid expansion of BRICS is fueled by geopolitical uncertainty and a growing interest from countries in the Global South to join informal institutions. Nations seek to enhance their bargaining power and foster strategic autonomy by aligning with multiple entities like BRICS, especially in the context of shifting global dynamics. Additionally, the relatively low cost of joining and the potential political and economic benefits are attractive to prospective members. The recent outreach initiatives by BRICS member states have also played a crucial role in encouraging new members to engage and collaborate more closely within the organization.
China's Influence and Leadership in BRICS
China plays a significant role within BRICS, often using its rotating presidency to drive initiatives focused on economic cooperation and trade. While BRICS operates on a principle of symmetry among members, power asymmetries do exist, with China often leading discussions on key issues like de-dollarization and innovation in technology. The organization allows China to showcase a new model of collective leadership, striving for a multipolar approach that differs from traditional Western leadership paradigms. China's involvement is seen as both a facilitator of collaboration among BRICS nations and a means to promote its own interests in regional trade and global governance.
In this episode of the ChinaPower Podcast, Dr. Mihaela Papa joins us to explore the significance of BRICS and its evolving role in reshaping global governance. Dr. Papa begins by examining the importance of this platform, such as the BRICS countries' central role in addressing major global development challenges, and its goals as an organization, such as striving towards a more equitable multipolar world order. She discusses the group’s rapid expansion over the past two years and delves into the key factors driving its growing appeal among countries in the Global South. The conversation focuses particularly on China's role within BRICS, highlighting how it leverages the bloc to advance its strategic objectives on the global stage. Particular attention is given to China's efforts in pushing for innovation and AI cooperation and the bloc’s de-dollarization agenda. Dr. Papa concludes by evaluating the effectiveness of BRICS and examining the strategic implications it presents for U.S. policy.
Dr. Mihaela Papa. Dr. Papa is a BRICS expert from MIT Center for International Studies, where she serves as the Director of Research and Principal Research Scientist. Before joining MIT, she co-founded and led the Rising Power Alliances project and taught sustainable development and global governance at The Fletcher School at Tufts University. She began her BRICS research over a decade ago as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Law School and a visiting scholar at Fudan University's Center for BRICS Studies. Dr. Papa has published extensively on the rise of new powers and their coalition-building efforts. Her recent publications in International Affairs and the European Journal of International Relations explore when BRICS converge and how they can challenge the United States. She has also analyzed BRICS's de-dollarization efforts in the Chinese Journal of International Politics and Cambridge University Press Elements and written on the China-India conflict within BRICS in the Global Policy journal. Her commentary was featured in Foreign Affairs and The Conversation, as well as on Bloomberg, BBC, News24, the South China Morning Post, and other media outlets. Originally a trade economist with a BA from Croatia, she completed her MA in Law and Diplomacy and PhD in International Relations at The Fletcher School, Tufts University.
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