Difference between complex and complicated systems

In this podcast episode, the host discusses the distinction between complex systems and complicated systems. While complicated systems can be understood by breaking them down into their component parts, complex systems rely on the interactions between those parts. Complex systems exhibit emergent behaviors that are often unexpected and not designed into the system. A notable example is the tax system, which starts as a complicated system with rules but can turn into a complex system when people exploit loopholes and engage in tax avoidance.